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Family = Boraginaceae,

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Amsinckia lycopsoides   (tarweed fiddleneck, bugloss fiddleneck)  
(= Amsinckia lycopsoides in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Bristly-hairy annual from a taproot, the simple or few-branched stem 1-6 dm. tall.
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington, with scattered localities west of the crest; east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low elevations.

Amsinckia menziesii   (Menzies' fiddleneck, rancher's fiddleneck, fireweed fiddleneck, small-flowered fiddleneck)  
(= Amsinckia menziesii in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Sparsely hairy annual from a taproot, the simple to many-branched stem 1.5-7 dm. tall.
Distribution: Widespread in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, in scattered localities east of the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moderately dry areas at low to mid-elevations.

Amsinckia tessellata   (bristly fiddleneck, tessellate fiddleneck)  
(= Amsinckia tessellata in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Bristly-hairy annual from a taproot, the simple or moderately-branched stem 1.5-6 dm. tall.
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho, south to New Mexico.
Habitat: Roadsides and dry, open slopes and flats, often in disturbed soil.

Anchusa arvensis   (small bugloss, European bugloss)  
(taxon is not treated in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Rough-hairy annual, the stem 10-30 cm. tall.
Distribution: Mostly east of the Cascades, less common west of the Cascades; introduced throughout northern temperate North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often where sandy.

Anchusa azurea   (Italian bugloss, Italian alkanet)  
(= Anchusa azurea in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Tap-rooted, perennial herbs, usually single-stemmed, the stems 4-15 dm. tall, with spreading, pungent hairs throughout.
Distribution: Scattered localities in Washington; British Columbia south to California, scattered localities east of the Cascades to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed soil.

Anchusa officinalis   (common bugloss, common alkanet)  
(= Anchusa officinalis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Taprooted perennial, the several stems 3-8 dm. tall; herbage with spreading hairs throughout.
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington, but mostly east of the Cascades; occurring throught much of western North America, the upper Midwest, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas.

Asperugo procumbens   (German madwort, catchweed)  
(= Asperugo procumbens in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Annual herb with weak scrambling stems bearing minute backwards pointing prickles. The strongly toothed calyx that encloses the fruits like a clam shell is distinctive; look also for the small blue flowers and backward pointing prickles on the stems.
Distribution: Introduced in much of the northern part of the United States; common east of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon
Habitat: A weed of moist soil in fields, roadsides and other disturbed areas, mostly east of the Cascades.

Borago officinalis   (borage, common borage)  
Taprooted annuals, the stems 2-6 dm. tall, covered with pungent bristles.
Distribution: Introduced at scattered locations in the United States; occasional west of the Cascades in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Waste ground and disturbed soil.

Cryptantha affinis   (quill cryptantha, common cryptantha, slender cryptantha, quill cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha affinis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Rocky Mountains and South Dakota.
Habitat: Open areas from sagebrush to coniferous forests at moderate elevations.

Cryptantha ambigua   (basin cryptantha, wilke's cryptantha, obscure cryptantha, basin cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha ambigua in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Annual herbs 0.5-3 dm. tall, usually much branched and without a central stem; herbage with spreading, stiff hairs. The similar C. torreyana has smooth nutlets, while the nutlets on C. ambigua are quite rough.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; southern British Columbia, east to western Montana and south to California and Colorado.
Habitat: Dry, open places from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.

Cryptantha celosioides   (buttecandle, northern cryptantha, Sheldon's oreocarya, cockscomb oreocarya)  
(= Cryptantha celosioides in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Usually a short-lived perennial, the 1-several stems 1-5 dm. tall, with silky hairs and small blisters.
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades, from southern British Colombia to Grant County, Oregon, east to North Dakota.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys, plains and foothills, occasionally higher.

Cryptantha circumscissa   (cushion cryptantha, matted cryptantha)  
(= Cryptantha circumscissa in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Cushion-forming, dwarf annual, 1-6 cm. high, the herbage stiff-hairy.
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades, central Washington to Baja California, east to Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, usually sandy places in the lowlands.

Cryptantha flaccida   (weakstem cryptantha, flaccid cryptantha, weakstem cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha flaccida in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender annual, the stem 1-4 dm. tall, simple or branched; herbage covered with appressed, aligned hairs.
Distribution: Central and southeast Washington, south to southern California, and along the western border of Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open slopes and flats at lower elevations.

Cryptantha intermedia   (Clearwater cryptantha, common cryptantha, clearwater cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha intermedia var. grandiflora in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Stiff-hairy annual, the simple or branched stem 0.5-5 dm. tall.
Distribution: Washington to California, east to Idaho and Arizona
Habitat: Moderately dry, open slopes

Cryptantha leucophaea   (gray cryptantha, gray cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha leucophaea in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial with clustered stems, 1.5-4 dm. tall, the herbage silky below, becoming bristly upward.
Distribution: Along the Columbia and lower Yakima rivers, from Wenatchee, Washington to the Dalles, Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, usually sandy places at low elevations.

Cryptantha pterocarya   (wingnut cryptantha)  
(= Cryptantha pterocarya in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Annual, the simple or branched stem 1-4 dm. tall, the herbage moderately stiff-hairy, often with small blisters.
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Colorado and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, open, often sandy areas of sagebrush and grasslands.

Cryptantha scoparia   (Pinyon Desert cryptantha, desert cryptantha, pinyon desert cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha scoparia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender annual, 0.5-3 dm. tall, freely branched and without a well-defined central axis; herbage appressed-hairy.
Distribution: Common on the Snake River plains of Idaho, extending into adjacent Oregon, northeast Nevda and southwest Wyoming; adjunct to Yakima County, Washington, and adjacent counties.
Habitat: Dry, open slopes in the valleys, plains and foothills, common among sagebrush.

Cryptantha spiculifera   (Snake River cryptantha, Snake River cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha interrupta in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a taproot and simple or branched crown, the several stems 0.5-4 dm. tall; herbage with silky hairs and bristles in small blisters.
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon and Nevada, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open slopes and flats in the plains, valleys and foothills.

Cryptantha thompsonii   (Thompson's cryptantha, Thompson's cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha thompsonii in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a stout taproot and branched crown, the several stems 1-3 dm. tall; herbage with bristles in blisters and somewhat close-woolly.
Distribution: Serpentine soils in the Wenatchee Mountains and adjacent Cascades of Washington
Habitat: Moderate to mid-elevations in the mountains

Cryptantha torreyana   (Torrey's cryptantha, Torrey's cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha torreyana in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Annual, the simple or branched stems 1-4 dm. tall, with short, stiff, spreading hairs.
Distribution: Widely distributed east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Open areas, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.

Cryptantha watsonii   (Watson's cryptantha, Watson's cat's eye)  
(= Cryptantha watsonii in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open hillsides, sagebrush-steppe plains, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.

Cynoglossum grande   (Pacific hound's tongue, grand hound's tongue)  
(= Cynoglossum grande in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Mostly glabrous perennial, the often solitary stems 2-8 dm. tall.
Distribution: West of the Cascades and east along the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern British Columbia to southern California.
Habitat: Woods at low elevations.

Cynoglossum officinale   (gypsy-flower, hound's tongue, common hound's tongue)  
(= Cynoglossum officinale in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Coarse, leafy biennial, the single stem 3-12 dm. tall, covered with long, soft hairs throughout.
Distribution: Introduced in much of the United States
Habitat: Noxious weed of roadsides and disturbed areas

Echium vulgare   (common viper's-bugloss)  
(= Echium vulgare in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Erect biennial from a taproot, the stems 3-8 dm. tall, rough-puberulent and spreading-bristly.
Distribution: Introduced in much of the United States; uncommon in the Pacific Northwest
Habitat: Dry ground in waste places

Eritrichium nanum   (arctic alpine forget-me-not, pale alpine forget-me-not)  
(= Eritrichium nanum in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Dwarf, tufted, cushion-like perennial, the flowering stems soft-hairy, very short to 1 dm. tall.
Distribution: High mountains, Alaska to Washington, northeast Oregon to New Mexico
Habitat: Rocky places at high elevations

Hackelia ciliata   (Okanogan stickseed)  
(= Hackelia ciliata in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial, the several stems 3-9 dm. tall, the herbage with appressed, aligned hairs, and often spreading hairs also.
Distribution: Spokane and Stevens Counties to Okanogan and Kittitas Counties, Washington
Habitat: Dry, open slopes and flats in areas with sagebrush or ponderosa pine.

Hackelia cinerea   (gray stickseed)  
(= Hackelia cinerea in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a taproot, the several stems 2-8 dm. tall, with appressed and spreading-bristly hairs.
Distribution: Kittitas, Chelan and Spokane Counties in Washington; north Idaho and northwest Montana.
Habitat: Open or lightly forested areas, especially on talus or cliffs, and loose stream banks, in valleys and foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.

Hackelia diffusa   (spreading stickseed, steppe stickseed, sagebrush stickseed)  
(= Hackelia diffusa in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a taproot, the several stems 2-7 dm. tall, 2-5 mm. thick toward the base, the lower part with spreading, stiff hairs, the upper with appressed hairs.
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon.
Habitat: Cliffs and talus slopes.

Hackelia floribunda   (many-flowered stickseed)  
(= Hackelia floribunda in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Robust biennial or short-lived perennial, the stems 3-10 dm. tall, solitary or few, the upper portion with appressed, aligned pubescence, the lower with spreading hairs.
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Southern British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Thickets, meadows, stream banks and other moist places, from low elevations to mid-elevations in the mountains.

Hackelia hispida   (showy stickseed, sagebrush stickseed)  
(= Hackelia hispida in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a taproot, the several stems 2-8 dm. tall, green, nearly glabrous; herbage with spreading-bristly hairs.
Distribution: Snake River Canyon and vicinity in Oregon, Idaho and Washington; also in the Grand Coulee of Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs and talus slopes.

Hackelia micrantha   (Jessica sticktight, meadow forget-me-not, blue stickseed)  
(= Hackelia micrantha in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Robust perennial from a taproot and branching base, the several stems 3-10 dm. tall, spreading stiff-hairy below and appressed- puberulent above, 3-8 mm. thick toward the base.
Distribution: Common, Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon, Rocky Mountains in Idaho
Habitat: Hillsides and open areas at mid-elevations

Hackelia venusta   (lesser showy stickseed, showy stickseed)  
(= Hackelia venusta in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a taproot, the stems numerous, 2-4 dm. tall; herbage bristly.
Distribution: Site of the typl locality in Chelan County, Washington
Habitat: Rocky slopes with ponderosa pine, at about 1000 feet elevation.

Heliotropium curassavicum   (salt heliotrope, seaside heliotrope)  
(= Heliotropium curassavicum in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glabrous, succulent, taprooted annual or short-lived perennial, prostrate or ascending, the stems 1-6 dm. long.
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to tropical America.
Habitat: Saline places at low evelevations, often in the beds of dried ponds.

Hesperochiron californicus   (California hesperochiron, California monkey-fiddle)  
(= Hesperochiron californicus in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial tufted herb. The bell-shaped corolla and hairy leaves distinguish this species from H. pumilis, which has flatter saucer-shaped corollas and more glabrous leaves.
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; south to California, eastward from Montana to Utah.
Habitat: Mostly in more or less alkaline meadows and flats, in plains, foothills and valleys

Hesperochiron pumilus   (dwarf hesperochiron, dwarf monkey-fiddle)  
(= Hesperochiron pumilus in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Low, scapose, herbaceous perennial from a taproot and a few slender rhizomes
Distribution: East of the Cascade summits in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Utah and Arizona.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open slopes from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.

Hydrophyllum capitatum   (ballhead waterleaf, wool breeches)  
(= Hydrophyllum capitatum in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous, hairy, low perennial from a short rhizome and fibrous roots, the leaves usually surpassing the flowers.
Distribution: Mostly east of the Cascade summits in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Colorado.
Habitat: Somewhat moist open slopes and woodlands, foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains.

Hydrophyllum fendleri   (Fendler's waterleaf)  
(= Hydrophyllum fendleri in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial from a short, stout rhizome and fibrous roots, the solitary stems 2-8 dm. tall.
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout much of Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Utah.
Habitat: Thickets and moist open places, from lowlands to mid elevations in mountains.

Hydrophyllum tenuipes   (Pacific waterleaf)  
(= Hydrophyllum tenuipes in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous, stiff-hairy perennial from a rhizome, the solitary flowering stem 2-8 dm. tall.
Distribution: West of the Cascades in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Moist woods at lower elevations.

Lappula redowskii   (western stickseed)  
Puberulent annual or winter annual, the stems simple or branched, 0.5-4 dm. tall.
Distribution: East of the Cascades in the Pacific Northwest; Eurasia.
Habitat: A weed in dry, disturbed places, along roadsides and on overgrazed ranges.

Lappula squarrosa   (European stickseed, bristly-fruited stickweed, common stickseed, bristly sheepburr)  
(= Lappula echinata in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America; Eurasia.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, disturbed areas, roadside.

Lithospermum arvense   (field gromwell, corn gromwell)  
Annual with appressed, aligned hairs, the stems 1-7 dm. tall, simple or sparsely branched, often with several stems from the base, the central one the largest.
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed sites.

Lithospermum ruderale   (western stoneseed, Columbian puccoon, western gromwell)  
(= Lithospermum ruderale in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Appressed-hairy perennial from a coarse, woody taproot, the several clustered stems 2-6 dm. tall.
Distribution: Common east of the Cascades in southern British Columbia, Washington and Oregon
Habitat: Shrub-steppe to open, dry areas in the mountains at mid-elevations

Mertensia ciliata   (streamside bluebells)  
(= Mertensia ciliata in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Usually glabrous perennial from a branched, woody crown, the stems numerous, 1.5-15 dm. tall.
Distribution: Central Oregon (Grant County), east to parts of Idaho and Montana, south to Colorado and New Mexico, and California.
Habitat: Stream banks, wet meadows, damp thickets, and wet cliffs, from the foothills to high elevations in the mountains.

Mertensia longiflora   (small bluebells, long-flowered lungwort, trumpet bluebells)  
(= Mertensia longiflora in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Mostly glabrous perennial from a shallow, tuberous-thickened root, the few stems 0.5-2.5 dm. tall.
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades, British Columbia to California, east to Montana
Habitat: Drier areas, foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains

Mertensia oblongifolia   (oblongleaf bluebells, sagebrush bluebells)  
(= Mertensia oblongifolia, Mertensia perplexa, Mertensia viridis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a stout root, the several stems 1-4 dm. tall; herbage glabrous or appressed-pubescent.
Distribution: Uncommon east of the Cascades in Washington to California, east to South Dakota
Habitat: Deeper soils in shrub-steppe

Mertensia paniculata   (tall bluebells, tall lungwort)  
(= Mertensia paniculata in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a stout rhizome and branched base, the numerous stems 2-15 dm. tall, glabrous or hairy.
Distribution: Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana; also in the Great Lakes region
Habitat: Streambanks and wet meadows at mid-elevations in the mountains

Mertensia platyphylla   (broadleaf bluebells, western bluebells)  
(= Mertensia platyphylla in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial, with the stems arising singly from a branched, stout rhizome.
Distribution: Lower elevations from the west base of the Cascades to the coast, from the south Puget Sound region in Washington to Douglas County in Oregon.
Habitat: Stream banks and moist, low woods.

Mertensia umbratilis   (shade bluebells, shade lungwort)  
(= Mertensia umbratilis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Forest openings and seasonally moist areas at low to middle elevations.

Myosotis arvensis   (field forget-me-not, field scorpiongrass, mouse ear, rough forget-me-not)  
(= Myosotis arvensis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and forest openings, typically associated with disturbance.

Myosotis asiatica   (Asian forget-me-not)  
(= Myosotis sylvatica var. alpestris in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Stiff-hairy perennial from a branched base and fibrous roots, the several stems 0.5-4 dm. tall.
Distribution: Alaska to central Idaho and northern Wyoming.
Habitat: Meadows and moist,open slopes at moderate to high elevations in the mountains.


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