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Family = Saxifragaceae,

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Bolandra oregana   (northern false coolwort)  
(= Bolandra oregana in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Weakly glandular-pubescent, herbaceous perennial with numerous bulblets along the short rhizome, the usually single stem 2-4 dm. tall.
Distribution: Along the Columbia River Gorge and in southeastern Washington; Washington south to Oregon along the lower Columbia River Gorge, and along the Snake River and its tributaries in Oregon and Idaho.
Habitat: Moist, mossy rocks, usually near waterfalls.

Boykinia intermedia   
(= Boykinia major var. intermedia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glandular-pubescent, herbaceous perennial from stolons or rhizomes, the stem 3-7 dm. tall. Differs from Boykinia major s.s., which does not occur in Washington, by its stoloniferous habit, more slender stems, pyramidal inflorescences (vs. flat-topped), smaller stipules, campanulate hypanthium (vs. saucer-shaped), and petals tapered to base (vs. strongly clawed).
Distribution: West side of Olympic Peninsula south to Tillamook County, Oregon.
Habitat: Moist woods, meadows, streambanks, roadside ditches.

Boykinia occidentalis   (coastal brookfoam)  
(= Boykinia elata in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, the slender stem 1.5-6 dm. tall, covered with reddish-brown, soft hairs, usually glandular above.
Distribution: West of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Moist woods and along streams, lowlands and along the coast.

Cascadia nuttallii   
Glabrous, herbaceous perennials from slender, fragile rhizomes, the stems trailing to erect, branching or simple, often with very slender, stolonous basal shoots 5-40 cm. long.
Distribution: Grays Harbor and Pacific counties in Washington; Washington south along the Oregon coast to Curry County, Oregon.
Habitat: Wet banks and near waterfalls, usually growing in moss.

Chrysosplenium glechomifolium   (Pacific golden-saxifrage, Pacific watercarpet)  
(= Chrysosplenium glechomaefolium in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glabrous, prostrate, mat-forming perennial, the stems dichotomously branched, freely rooting, up to 2 dm. long.
Distribution: West of the Cascades and mostly along the coast, British Columbia south to northwest California.
Habitat: Moist, usually swampy places, mostly at low elevations.

Chrysosplenium tetrandrum   (northern golden-saxifrage)  
(= Chrysosplenium tetrandrum in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glabrous, stoloniferous perennial, the trailing stems up to 1.5 dm. long, branched and turned up at the tips.
Distribution: In Washington known only from the north-central part of the state: Alaska south to Washington, east to Montana and Colorado in the U.S., east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast; circumpolar.
Habitat: Rock crevices and wet banks and slopes, high elevations in our area.

Elmera racemosa   (fuzzy elmera, yellow coralbells)  
(= Elmera racemosa in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial from slender rhizomes, the erect flowering stems 1-2.5 dm. tall.
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascade Mountains of Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Rock crevices and rocky ridges and slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.

Hemieva ranunculifolia   (buttercup suksdorfia, buttercup-leaf mock brookfoam)  
(= Suksdorfia ranunculifolia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial from a short rhizome, the usually simple, single stem 1-3.5 dm. tall, strongly glandular-pubescent in the upper portion.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to northern California, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Foothills to subalpine slopes, on wet, mossy rocks, often where dry by mid-summer.

Heuchera chlorantha   (tall alumroot, meadow alumroot, green-flowered alumroot)  
(= Heuchera chlorantha in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Strong perennial with a branched crown and short rhizomes, the stem 4-10 dm. tall, t he lower portion with brownish, spreading hairs 2-5 mm. long.
Distribution: West of the Cascade summit, Queen Charlotte Island, British Columbia south to Douglas County, Oregon, up the Columbia River Gorge to the east base of the Cascades, then south along the Oregon Cascades to Klamath County, OR.
Habitat: Gravelly prairies and wooded hillsides.

Heuchera cylindrica   (roundleaf alumroot, lava alumroot)  
(= Heuchera cylindrica in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Strong perennial from a branching crown and short, thick rhizomes, the flowering stems 1.5-9 dm. tall, at least the upper portion covered with stalked glands.
Distribution: East of the Cascade summits, British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and Wyoming
Habitat: Rocky soil, cliffs and talus slopes, foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains

Heuchera glabra   (alpine heuchera, smooth alumroot, alpine alumroot)  
(= Heuchera glabra in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender perennial from well-developed rhizomes, the 1-several stems 2.5-6 dm. tall, mostly glabrous.
Distribution: In the Cascades, Olympics, and Selkirks and m ountains in Washington; Alaska south to Mt. Hood, Oregon.
Habitat: Streambanks and moist rocks, from the coast to above timberline

Heuchera grossulariifolia   (gooseberryleaf alumroot)  
(= Heuchera grossulariifolia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a thick, branching crown, the leafless, flowering stems 1.5-6.5 dm. tall, glandular-puberulent throughout, except sometimes glabrous near the base
Distribution: Southwest Montana and central Idaho to the Wallowa Mountains of northeast Oreagon, and the Columbia River Gorge of Washington and Oregon.
Habitat: Grassy canyons and rocky canyon walls to alpine scree and talus slopes.

Heuchera micrantha   (crevice alumroot, small-flowered alumroot)  
(= Heuchera micrantha in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender perennial from well-developed rhizomes, the 1-several stems 2.5-6 dm. tall, covered with long, whitish hairs that turn brownish when dry.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Gravelly stream banks, rock crevices and talus slopes, sea level to subalpine.

Leptarrhena pyrolifolia   (leatherleaf saxifrage, fireleaf leptarrhena, pearleaf)  
(= Leptarrhena pyrolifolia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glabrous perennial from strong horizontal rhizomes, the simple flowering stems 2-4 dm. tall.
Distribution: Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta and Montana; in the Olympics and Cascades of Washington
Habitat: Streambanks, seeps and wet meadows, mid- to high elevations in the mountains

Lithophragma glabrum   (bulbous woodland-star, bulbiferous prairie-star)  
(= Lithophragma bulbifera, Lithophragma glabra in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glandular-pubescent, reddish-purple perennial from slender rhizomes bearing numerous rice-grain bulblets, the stems 5-25 cm. tall.
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Dakotas and Colorado.
Habitat: Grasslands and sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine and Douglas fir forests.

Lithophragma parviflorum   (small-flowered woodland-star, small-flowered prairie-star)  
(= Lithophragma parviflora in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glandular-pubescent perennial from slender rhizomes bearing numerous rice-grain bulblets, the stems 10-30 cm. tall, often purplish- or grayish-tinged above.
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Prairies, sagebrush desert and forest openings, sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.

Lithophragma tenellum   (slender woodland-star)  
(= Lithophragma tenella vars. tenella, thompsonii in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Glandular-pubescent perennial from slender rhizomes bearing numerous rice-grain bulblets, the stems 10-25 cm. tall, the hairs yellow-tipped.
Distribution: East side of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountain states.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and ponderosa pine forests.

Micranthes apetala   (Tiny swamp saxifrage)  
Perennial herb from a rhizome, the leafless flowering stems mostly single, 1-3 dm. tall, with short, stiff hairs at the base and strongly glandular-pubescent above.
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Vernally moist meadows at low to moderate elevations.

Micranthes ferruginea   (russethair saxifrage, rusty saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga ferruginea in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial from a short, woody base or thick rhizome, the 1-several leafless, freely-branched stems 1.5-3.5 dm. tall, soft-pubescent below and glandular-pubescent above.
Distribution: In the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Alaska to south California, east to Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Open, moist, often rocky areas, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.

Micranthes fragosa   
Scapose, herbaceous perennials from rhizomes, often mat-forming.
Distribution: East of Cascades in Washington, south to Oregon and east to Idaho.
Habitat: Wet slopes and cliffs, often near watercourses.

Micranthes idahoensis   (Idaho saxifrage)  
Herbaceous perennial from short, horizontal rhizomes, the 1-3 leafless, pubescent stems 1-2.5 dm. tall.
Distribution: Washington and Oregon, east to Montana and Idaho.
Habitat: Exposed areas, ledges, and open slopes.

Micranthes integrifolia   (wholeleaf saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga integrifolia var. integrifolia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Pubescent perennial from a rhizome, the leafless flowering stems mostly single, 1-3 dm. tall.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Prairies, grassy slopes and vernally moist areas, sea level to subalpine.

Micranthes lyallii   (red-stemmed saxifrage, Lyall's saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga lyallii in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial with well-developed rhizomes, often forming small mats.
Distribution: On both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to the north Cascades of Washington, east to western Alberta, and south in the Rocky Mountains to Montana and Idaho.
Habitat: Wet, gravelly meadows and along streams and ponds at high elevations.

Micranthes nelsoniana   
Herbaceous perennial from a fairly long rhizome, the usually single flowering stem 1-3 dm. tall, simple and leafless, glabrous below and somewhat matted-hairy above.
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Montane wet areas and streambanks from low to medium elevations.

Micranthes nidifica   
Pubescent perennial from a rhizome, the leafless flowering stems mostly single, 1-3 dm. tall.
Distribution: East of the crest of the Cascades, British Columbia south to northeast California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Prairies and wet banks to subalpine meadows.

Micranthes occidentalis   (western or redwool saxifrage)  
Herbaceous perennial from short, horizontal rhizomes, the 1-3 leafless, pubescent stems 1-2.5 dm. tall.
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon and Nevada, east to Saskatachewan and south to New Mexico.
Habitat: Dry to wet open areas, rock crevices, meadows, and streambanks from moderate to high elevations in the mountains.

Micranthes odontoloma   
Herbaceous perennial from well-developed horizontal rhizomes, the single stem 2-6 dm. tall, glabrous below and glandular-pubescent above, the short hairs tipped with reddish glands.
Distribution: Southern Alaska and British Columbia south through the Olympics, Cascades and Sierra Nevada to southern California, east to Alberta and Arizona.
Habitat: Streambanks, lake shores and wet meadows from the lower mountains to the alpine.

Micranthes oregana   (Oregon or bog saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga oregana vars. montanensis, oregana in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Strong perennial from a short, woody base, the flowering stems leafless, 3-12 dm. tall, copiously glandular-pubescent above.
Distribution: West slopes of the Cascades from Snohomish County, Washington, south to the Sierra Nevada of California, east in Oregon to the mountains of Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Bogs, streambanks and wet meadows at mid-elevations in the mountains.

Micranthes rufidula   
Herbaceous perennial from short, horizontal rhizomes, the 1-3 leafless, reddish-glandular stems 1-2.5 dm. tall.
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Wet open areas, ledges, rock outcroppings from moderate to high elevations in the mountains.

Micranthes tischii   (Olympic saxifrage)  
Scapose, herbaceous perennials, often solitary, from a crown with bulbils.
Distribution: Olympic Peninsula endemic
Habitat: Forested ledges and rock crevices where moist.

Micranthes tolmiei   (Tolmie’s or alpine saxifrage)  
Low, mat-forming perennial with numerous sterile, leafy branches, the flowering stems erect, 3-8 cm. tall, glabrous or pubescent with purplish-tipped hairs.
Distribution: Alaska south through the Cascades and Olympics to the Sierra Nevada of central California, and the Bitterrood Mountains of Montana and Idaho.
Habitat: Mountain meadows, scree, and rock crevices at moderate to high elevations.

Mitella breweri   (Brewer's miterwort, feathery bishop's-cap)  
(= Mitella breweri in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, the leafless flowering stems 1.5-3 dm. tall.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades Crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Moist mountain valleys and open to wooded slopes, from mid-elevations to timberline.

Mitella caulescens   (slightstemmed miterwort, leafy mitrewort, star-shaped mitrewort)  
(= Mitella caulescens in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, often with stolons, the flowering stems glandular-pubescent, 2-4 dm. tall.
Distribution: On both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to northwest California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Shady woods, wet meadows and swamps, low to mid-elevations.

Mitella diversifolia   (angleleaf miterwort, angle-leaf bishop's-cap)  
(= Mitella diversifolia in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial herbs from rhizomes, without stolons, the flower stems ascending to erect, 6-55 cm. tall, nearly glabrous or with stalked glands.
Distribution: Cascade Mountains from Mt. Adams south to the Trinity Mountains of northwest California
Habitat: Moist woods and stream banks at moderate to high elevations.

Mitella nuda   (bare-stemmed mitrewort, naked miterwort)  
(= Mitella nuda in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Rhizomatous and stoloniferous perennial, the erect scapes 5-20 cm. tall, leafless or with a reduced leaf near the base, finely glandular-puberulent.
Distribution: Alaska south to the Cascades of northwest Washington, east to Labrador and south to north-central Montana.
Habitat: Damp woods, along streams and in bogs.

Mitella ovalis   (coastal miterwort, coastal bishop's cap)  
(= Mitella ovalis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Perennial, the leafless scapes 1.5-3 dm. tall, the lower part of the stems, the petioles and the leaves with coarse, brownish to whitish hairs, the upper part of the stem becoming glandular and puberulent.
Distribution: West side of the Cascades to the coast, British Columbia south to Marin County, California.
Habitat: Deep, moist woods, creek bottoms and wet banks.

Mitella pentandra   (fivestamen miterwort, alpine mitrewort, five-stamen bishop's-cap)  
(= Mitella pentandra in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, occasionally with stolons, the stems nearly leafless, 2-3 dm. tall.
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades, Alaska to California, east to Alberta and Colorado
Habitat: Wet meadows and moist woods, especially along streams, lowlands to mid-elevations in the mountains

Mitella stauropetala   (smallflower miterwort, side-flowered mitrewort, cross-shaped mitrewort)  
(= Mitella stauropetala in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, the several leafless flowering stems up to 5 dm. tall, usually with 1-2 tiny, membranous bracts.
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Idaho and Montana, south to Colorado.
Habitat: Open to dense moist woods at mid-elevations in the mountains.

Mitella trifida   (three-parted miterwort, three-toothed mitrewort)  
(= Mitella trifida in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Slender herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, the several leafless flowering stems 1.5-3.5 dm. tall, glandular-puberulent above, often with 1-2 tiny, membranous bracts.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Idaho.
Habitat: Moist forests, moderate to mid-elevations in the mountains.

Saxifraga bronchialis   (yellowdot saxifrage, spotted saxifrage, matted saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga bronchialis in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Tufted, mat-forming perennial, up to 3 dm. broad, the flowering stems 5-13 cm. tall.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Cliff crevices, talus and scree slopes, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.

Saxifraga cernua   (nodding saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga cernua in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)

Saxifraga cespitosa   (tufted alpine saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga caespitosa in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Tufted, mat-form perennial with numerous short, leafy branches, the flowering stems erect, 3-15 cm. tall, glandular-pubescent.
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to south California, east to the Rocky Mountains; east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ledges, gravelly ridges and scree, near sea level to alpine.

Saxifraga hyperborea   (pygmy saxifrage)  
Tufted perennial, forming patches up to 8 cm. broad, glandular-pubescent to occasionally glabrous, the flowering stems several, leafy, 1-10 cm. tall.
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascade mountains of Washington; Alaska south to California, throughout the Rocky Mountains, across northern Canada to the Maritime Provinces.
Habitat: Alpine tundra, often where moist with rocky outcroppings, crevices, and snowmelt.

Saxifraga mertensiana   (wood saxifrage, woodland saxifrage, Merten's saxifrage)  
(= Saxifraga mertensiana in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Usually soft-hairy, succulent perennial from short, thick rhizomes, tending to form large clumps, the flowering stems 1.5-4 dm. tall.
Distribution: Distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Wet ledges and gravelly streambanks, sea level to subalpine.

Saxifraga oppositifolia   (purple saxifrage, twinflowered saxifrage)  
Nearly glabrous, tufted, mat-forming perennial, the mats up to 2 dm. broad and 4 cm. high, often purplish-tinged throughout.
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascade mountains of Washington; Alaska south to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains; across northern Canada and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Alpine slopes and rocky outcroppings

Saxifraga vespertina   
Distribution: West of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings.

Saxifragopsis fragarioides   (strawberry saxifrage)  
(taxon is not treated in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennials from woody rhizomes, forming loose mats, the flowering stems leafless, 6-25 cm. tall, erect, with stalked glands.
Distribution: Western United States.

Suksdorfia violacea   (violet suksdorfia, violet mock brookfoam)  
(= Suksdorfia violacea in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial from a short rhizome, the simple, single stem 1-2 dm. tall, glandular-pubescent throughout.
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana and Idaho.
Habitat: Vernally moist mossy banks and rock crevices.

Sullivantia oregana   (Oregon coolwort)  
(= Sullivantia oregana in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Delicate, yellowish-green perennial, spreading by long, slender stolons, glabrous except for purple-tipped hairs on the inflorescence and upper stem, the flowering stems 5-20 cm. tall.
Distribution: Columbia River Gorge and lower Willamatte Valley, Oregon.
Habitat: On moist cliffs, especially near waterfalls.

Tellima grandiflora   (bigflower tellima, fringecup, fragrant fringecup)  
(= Tellima grandiflora in Flora of the Pacific Northwest)
Herbaceous perennial from a somewhat rhizomatous base, the flowering stems up to 8 dm. tall, covered with stiff, short, blunt hairs.
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington, occasionally east to northeast Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; Alaska south to California.
Habitat: Common in damp woods and along streams, sea level to moderate elevations in the mountains.


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