Blooms: June-August
Habit: herb
Duration: biennial
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Meadows and stream banks, from the plains to the lower mountains, typically where disturbed.
Habit: herb
Duration: biennial
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Meadows and stream banks, from the plains to the lower mountains, typically where disturbed.
Species Description:
General: Grayish biennial or short-lived perennial, the stems 3-10 dm. tall, erect, simple or freely-branching, with short, appressed hairs and longer, spreading, reddish-based hairs.
Leaves: Leaves alternate, the lower leaves petiolate, the upper sub-sessile, lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. broad, entire to wavy-dentate.
Flowers: Inflorescence an elongate spike, the buds erect, with bracts more or less the length of the capsules; calyx tube 3-5 cm. long, the 4 lobes 10-15 mm. long, reflexed, distinct; petals 4, yellow, 1-2 cm. long; stamens 8, equal to the petals and style; stigma with 4 linear lobes 4-7 mm. long; ovary inferior, 4-celled.
Fruits: Capsule 2.5-4 cm. long, linear, cylindrical.
General: Grayish biennial or short-lived perennial, the stems 3-10 dm. tall, erect, simple or freely-branching, with short, appressed hairs and longer, spreading, reddish-based hairs.
Leaves: Leaves alternate, the lower leaves petiolate, the upper sub-sessile, lanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. broad, entire to wavy-dentate.
Flowers: Inflorescence an elongate spike, the buds erect, with bracts more or less the length of the capsules; calyx tube 3-5 cm. long, the 4 lobes 10-15 mm. long, reflexed, distinct; petals 4, yellow, 1-2 cm. long; stamens 8, equal to the petals and style; stigma with 4 linear lobes 4-7 mm. long; ovary inferior, 4-celled.
Fruits: Capsule 2.5-4 cm. long, linear, cylindrical.
Accepted Name:
Oenothera biennis L.Synonyms:
Oenothera biennis L.
Oenothera biennis L. ssp. centralis Munz
Oenothera biennis L. var. pycnocarpa (G.F. Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand
Oenothera muricata L.
Treated in Flora of the PNW as:
?
Additional Resources:
PNW Herbaria Specimens: View list of Oenothera biennis specimens in the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria database.
WTU Herbarium Specimens: View list of Oenothera biennis specimens in the WTU Herbarium database.
Washington Flora Checklist: Oenothera biennis treatment.
E-Flora BC: Oenothera biennis atlas page.
CalPhotos: Oenothera biennis images.
USDA Plants Database: Oenothera biennis.
J. William Thompson
J. William Thompson
J. William Thompson
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