Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, also in eastern Canada; Eurasia.

Habitat: Moist, cold coniferous woods.

Flowers: July-August

Origin: Native

Growth Duration: Perennial

Conservation Status: Not of concern

Pollination: Ants, bees, flies, butterflies, beetles, wasps

Perennial herbs from slender, creeping rhizomes, the stems arising singly, erect, 1-2 dm. tall, glabrous.

Leaves in 2-4 whorls of 4, thin and veiny, broadly obovate to broadly obovate-elliptic, 1-3 cm. long and to 1/3 as broad, with a sharp point on the rounded tip, the base wedge-shaped.

Inflorescence open, with 1-3 elongate peduncles from the uppermost whorl of leaves, usually 2- to 3-flowered, occasionally more; calyx obsolete; corolla rotate, yellowish-white, 3 mm. wide, the 4 lobes much longer than the tube; ovary 2-celled, inferior.

Fruit dry, about 1.5 mm. high, with numerous, well-developed, hooked bristles.