Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Wet meadows, springs, mudflats, shores, seeps, vernal pools, ditches ,generally saline soil, damp dunes, salt marshes, and swales.
Flowers: April-September
Origin: Native and introduced
Growth Duration: Annual
Conservation Status: Not of concern
Pollination: Wind
[none provided]
Publication: Sp. Pl. 1: 328. 1753.
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var. bufonius – toad rush
Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal. - var. congestus – clustered toad rush Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
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var. occidentalis – western toad rush Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
PNW Herbaria: Specimen records of Juncus bufonius in the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria database.
WA Flora Checklist: Juncus bufonius checklist entry.
OregonFlora: Juncus bufonius information.
E-Flora BC: Juncus bufonius atlas page.
CalPhotos: Juncus bufonius photos.
USDA Plants: Juncus bufonius information.
