Bud and leaf arrangement:
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Buds and leaves alternate
Buds and leaves opposite
Buds and leaves whorled (3 or more per node)
Bud tip shape:
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Bud tips pointed
Bud tips rounded
Bud scale arrangement:
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Scales covering bud imbricate (overlapping like shingles)
Scales covering bud valvate (2 scales closing like a clam shell)
Only a single scale covering entire bud
Bud scales absent
Bud scale pubescence:
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Bud scales pubescent or ciliate-margined
Buds scales with glandular or punctate dots or scales
Buds scales glabrous
Bud resin:
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Resin present on bud surface (sticky, waxy, or varnish-like coating)
Resin absent from bud surface (surface shiny or not)
Primary Bud color:
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Green or yellow
Red or maroon, or strongly tinged with such
Brown or tan (no red or green tinge)
Gray, light or dark
Thorns or spines:
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Stems armed with thorns, spines, or prickles
Stems lacking thorns, spines, or prickles
Twig cross-section (first year twigs):
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Twigs round in cross-section
Twigs square in cross-section
Twigs angled in cross-section
Primary Twig color (first year twigs):
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Green
Red or maroon, or strongly tinged with such
Brown or tan (no red or green tinge)
Gray, white or black
Twig pith (spongy tissue inside twig):
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Pith absent, twigs woody throughout
Pith present but not chambered
Pith present and chambered at least in center
Twig pubescence (first year twigs):
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Twigs pubescent
Glands or puncate dots present on twigs
Twigs entirely glabrous
Vascular bundles on leaf scars:
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Bundles not visible
Bundles 1 per leaf scar
Bundles 3 per leaf scar
Bundles > 3 per leaf scar
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Bark color (main trunk or basal stems):
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Green
Red or maroon, or strongly tinged with such
Brown or tan (no red or green tinge)
Gray, light (white) or dark
Bark texture (main trunk or basal stems):
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Smooth
Papery and often peeling
Scaly-plated
Fibrous, in longitudinal strips
Furrowed or fissured
Habit:
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Tree (> 4 meters tall, trunk > 10 cm diameter, mostly single stemmed)
Shrub (< 4 meters tall, stems < 10 cm diameter, or multi-stemmed)
Vine (climbing upon other plants or trailing across ground)
Range in Washington:
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Western Washington (west of the Cascade Crest)
Eastern Washington (east of the Cascade Crest)
Habitat:
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Forested areas at low-mid elevation
Subalpine/alpine forest, meadow, or rocky slopes
Prairie or rocky bald in Western WA
Sagebrush-steppe, desert, or grassland in Eastern WA
Freshwater wetland, bog, lake, river, or stream
Saltwater beach, marsh, or coastal dunes
Disturbed area: field, roadside, wastelot, town
Leaf type:
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Simple (including deeply lobed leaves)
Ternately compound
Pinnately compound
Palmately compound
Leaf veins:
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Veins not visible
Veins pinnate
Veins palmate
Veins parallel
Inflorescences:
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Catkins or woody cones
Umbels
Racemes or spikes
Branched clusters
Flowers and fruits solitary
Flowers and strictly paired
Fruit/seed type:
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Fleshy (berry, drupe, rosehip, ...)
Nut, with hard woody shell
Dry, prominently winged (maple key, samara)
Dry, not winged (achene, capsule, utricle, ...)
Fruit/seed color (when fresh):
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White
Black or dark gray
Brown or tan
Green
Red, orange, or yellow
Blue or purple
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