Checklist » Waifs & Sporadic Escapes

Waifs & Sporadic Escapes

The following 377 exotic species and infraspecies are currently categorized as waifs or very sporadic escapes from cultivation in Washington. Taxa may be included in this list for the following reasons:

  • Waifs known only from a relatively few old collections and not collected since (e.g., ballast plants).
  • Exotic taxa that have been documented as naturalized from only one or a few sites, especially if in urban areas.
  • Garden or crop plants that repeatedly occur only as sporadic individuals or small patches of plants temporarily appearing around dump sites, gardens, cultivated fields, recently seeded areas, and the likes, presumably without persisting or spreading to form naturalized populations.
  • Ornamentals and garden plants known only from a few adventive populations in urban settings (e.g., around arboreta, gardens, greenhouses, universities, landscaping beds, lawns, rockeries, sidewalk cracks), presumably not far from where originally planted.
  • Ornamental and garden plants represented only by seedlings or saplings near cultivated individuals.
  • Exotic taxa persisting at 1 or a few locations where planted, and slightly spreading to form populations at those sites, but not spreading to new sites.
  • Long-lived trees and shrubs that persist only where planted (e.g., old homesteads, vacant lots, highway plantings, or restoration/reclamation sites).
  • Species on noxious weed lists that are now eradicated.
  • Species on noxious weed lists that have not yet been documented from Washington with an herbarium specimen.
Ferns and Lycophytes:
Family
Taxon
Common Names
Marsileaceae
Australian waterclover
Gymnosperms:
Family
Taxon
Common Names
Cupressaceae
 
Cupressaceae
 
Pinaceae
 
Dicots:
Family
Taxon
Common Names
Adoxaceae
black elderberry
Adoxaceae
 
Amaranthaceae
 
Amaranthaceae
blood amaranth, caterpillar amaranth, purple amaranth
Amaranthaceae
Argentina amaranth
Amaranthaceae
 
Amaranthaceae
rough-fruited waterhemp, tall waterhemp
Amaranthaceae
Australian saltbush, berry saltbush, creeping saltbush
Amaranthaceae
Beta vulgaris L.[FNA4, HC, HC2]
common beet
Amaranthaceae
beet, cultivated beet
Amaranthaceae
 
Amaranthaceae
white goosefoot
Amaranthaceae
oak-leaf goosefoot
Amaranthaceae
Spinacia oleracea L.[FNA4, HC, HC2]
spinach
Anacardiaceae
Rhus typhina L.[Flora of Virginia, HC2]
staghorn sumac
Apiaceae
bishop's goutweed
Apiaceae
dill
Apiaceae
celery
Apiaceae
Carum carvi L.[HC, HC2, VPBC1]
caraway
Apiaceae
 
Apiaceae
burnet-saxifrage
Apiaceae
burnet-saxifrage
Asteraceae
Artemisia annua L.[FNA19, HC, HC2]
sweet Annie, sweet sagewort, annual wormwood
Asteraceae
dusty miller, old-woman, beach wormwood, Steller's wormwood
Asteraceae
pot marigold
Asteraceae
Carthamus tinctorius L.[FNA19, HC, HC2]
safflower
Asteraceae
asthmaweed
Asteraceae
bigleaf tickseed
Asteraceae
lance-leaved tickseed
Asteraceae
 
Asteraceae
great leopard's-bane
Asteraceae
Doronicum willdenowii (Rouy) A.W.Hill[New Flora of the British Isles, 2nd Edition]
Willdenow's leopard-bane
Asteraceae
tall globe thistle
Asteraceae
Echinops ritro L.[FNA19, HC2]
southern globe-thistle
Asteraceae
southern globe thistle
Asteraceae
great globe thistle
Asteraceae
cut leaf burnweed, New Zealand burnweed, Australian fireweed
Asteraceae
eastern burnweed, eastern fireweed
Asteraceae
American burnweed
Asteraceae
 
Asteraceae
German filago
Asteraceae
 
Asteraceae
blueweed
Asteraceae
sawtooth sunflower
Asteraceae
narrow leaved sunflower
Asteraceae
Helianthus tuberosus L.[FNA21, HC, HC2]
Jerusalem artichoke
Asteraceae
oxtongue
Asteraceae
Inula helenium L.[FNA19, HC, HC2]
elecampane, inula
Asteraceae
silver ragwort
Asteraceae
Lactuca sativa L.[FNA19, HC, HC2]
garden lettuce
Asteraceae
Shasta daisy
Asteraceae
daggerleaf cottonweed
Asteraceae
annual marguerite
Asteraceae
Rudbeckia laciniata L.[FNA21, HC, HC2]
green-headed black-eyed Susan, tall black-eyed Susan
Asteraceae
tall black-eyed Susan
Asteraceae
rough white prairie aster, western heath aster
Balsaminaceae
kashmir balsam
Berberidaceae
wintergreen barberry
Betulaceae
 
Betulaceae
 
Betulaceae
 
Brassicaceae
yellowtuft
Brassicaceae
Arabis alpina L.[FNA7, HC2]
 
Brassicaceae
mountain rockcress
Brassicaceae
horseradish
Brassicaceae
rockcress
Brassicaceae
cabbage, wild cabbage
Brassicaceae
New Zealand bittercress
Brassicaceae
wood bittercress
Brassicaceae
oblong pepperweed
Brassicaceae
Lepidium sativum L.[FNA7, HC, HC2]
garden cress pepperwort
Brassicaceae
hoary stock
Brassicaceae
 
Brassicaceae
 
Brassicaceae
Austrian yellowcress field-cress
Cabombaceae
fanwort
Campanulaceae
clustered bellflower
Campanulaceae
mountain sheep's bit
Campanulaceae
trailing lobelia
Campanulaceae
scorzonera-leaved rampion
Cannabaceae
Cannabis sativa L.[FNA3, HC, HC2]
hemp, marihuana, marijuana
Cannabaceae
hops
Caprifoliaceae
Etruscan honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
Amur honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
privet honeysuckle
Caprifoliaceae
European fly honeysuckle
Caryophyllaceae
hairy rupturewort
Caryophyllaceae
hairy rupturewort
Caryophyllaceae
giant chickweed, water chickweed
Caryophyllaceae
fourleaf allseed, fourleaf manyseed
Caryophyllaceae
fourleaf allseed, fourleaf manyseed
Caryophyllaceae
rock soapwort
Caryophyllaceae
ragged-robin
Caryophyllaceae
 
Caryophyllaceae
Bocconi's sandspurry
Caryophyllaceae
greater chickweed
Celastraceae
European spindle tree
Crassulaceae
short-leaved stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Forster's stonecrop
Crassulaceae
Thart's stonecrop
Cucurbitaceae
watermelon
Cucurbitaceae
 
Dipsacaceae
Bluebuttons
Droseraceae
Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis[Gray\'s Manual, HC2]
Venus fly trap
Ericaceae
strawberry tree
Euphorbiaceae
 
Euphorbiaceae
Mediterranean spurge
Euphorbiaceae
 
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia platyphyllos L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
broad leaved spurge
Euphorbiaceae
 
Euphorbiaceae
annual mercury
Fabaceae
Siberian peashrub
Fabaceae
Cicer arietinum L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
chick-pea
Fabaceae
Colutea arborescens L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
bladder senna
Fabaceae
Galega officinalis L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
professor-weed
Fabaceae
Canary broom
Fabaceae
Genista tinctoria L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
dyer's greenweed
Fabaceae
Lathyrus nissolia L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
yard pea
Fabaceae
meadow vetchling
Fabaceae
grass peavine
Fabaceae
tuberous pea, earth-nut peavine
Fabaceae
lentil
Fabaceae
Nootka lupine
Fabaceae
restharrow
Fabaceae
common restharrow
Fabaceae
Pisum sativum L.[HC, HC2, JPM2]
garden pea
Fabaceae
kudzu
Fabaceae
bristly locust
Fabaceae
nodding clover
Fabaceae
slender clover
Fabaceae
rose clover
Fabaceae
reversed clover
Fabaceae
suffocated clover
Fagaceae
pin oak
Garryaceae
 
Geraniaceae
Dalmatian crane's-bill
Geraniaceae
montane crane's-bill, Spanish crane's-bill, montane geranium, Spanish geranium
Geraniaceae
hedgerow crane's-bill
Geraniaceae
round-leaved geranium
Hydrophyllaceae
baby blue eyes, five-spot
Hydrophyllaceae
baby blue-eyes
Hypericaceae
tutsan
Hypericaceae
Aaron's beard, great St. John's wort
Hypericaceae
pale St. John's wort
Lamiaceae
 
Lamiaceae
 
Lamiaceae
lavandin, lavender
Lamiaceae
 
Lamiaceae
foxtail mint
Lamiaceae
Monarda didyma L.[Gray's Manual, HC, HC2]
scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea
Lamiaceae
kitchen sage
Lamiaceae
wand sage
Lamiaceae
Russian sage
Lamiaceae
field hedge-nettle, staggerweed
Lamiaceae
 
Lamiaceae
lemon thyme
Limnanthaceae
white meadowfoam
Limnanthaceae
Douglas's meadow-foam
Lythraceae
Ammannia coccinea Rottb.[Draft FNA, HC, HC2]
valley redstem
Malvaceae
Alcea rosea L.[HC2, JPM2]
hollyhock
Malvaceae
cotton
Malvaceae
crimsoneyed rosemallow
Malvaceae
flower-of-an-hour
Malvaceae
low mallow
Malvaceae
 
Malvaceae
meadow checker-mallow, meadow sidalcea
Malvaceae
small-leaved linden
Malvaceae
 
Montiaceae
Siskiyou lewisia
Oleaceae
 
Oleaceae
California privet
Oleaceae
 
Onagraceae
bronzy willow-herb
Onagraceae
broad-leaved willow-herb
Onagraceae
dwarf willow-herb
Orobanchaceae
purple owl-clover
Orobanchaceae
red bartsia
Orobanchaceae
hellroot
Orobanchaceae
butter-and-eggs, Johnny-tuck owl-clover
Oxalidaceae
 
Papaveraceae
yellow corydalis
Papaveraceae
few-flower fumitory, Martin's fumitory
Paulowniaceae
princess tree
Plantaginaceae
Antirrhinum majus L.[HC, HC2, Stace 1997]
garden snapdragon, greater snapdragon
Plantaginaceae
 
Plantaginaceae
large-flowered toadflax
Plantaginaceae
Moroccan toadflax
Plantaginaceae
three-birds-flying
Plantaginaceae
dwarf plantain
Plantaginaceae
Lackschewitz's speedwell
Plantaginaceae
long-leaf speedwell
Plantaginaceae
purslane speedwell
Plantaginaceae
gray speedwell
Plantaginaceae
finger speedwell
Platanaceae
American plane-tree, sycamore
Plumbaginaceae
Jersey thrift
Polygalaceae
milkwort
Polygonaceae
garden buckwheat
Polygonaceae
Kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate, princess-feather
Polygonaceae
 
Polygonaceae
rhubarb
Ranunculaceae
Adonis annua L.[FNA3, HC, HC2]
blood-drops
Ranunculaceae
Oriental clematis, Oriental virgin's bower
Ranunculaceae
stinking hellebore
Ranunculaceae
Nigella damascena L.[FNA3, HC, HC2]
devil-in-the-bush, love-in-a-mist
Resedaceae
Reseda alba L.[FNA7, HC, HC2]
white upright mignonette
Resedaceae
Reseda luteola L.[FNA7, HC, HC2]
yellow dye, Dyer's rocket, weld
Rosaceae
 
Rosaceae
 
Rosaceae
black chokeberry
Rosaceae
Hjelmqvist's cotoneaster
Rosaceae
few-flowered cotoneaster
Rosaceae
 
Rosaceae
Stern's cotoneaster
Rosaceae
midland hawthorn, woodland hawthorn
Rosaceae
 
Rosaceae
 
Rosaceae
Siberian crabapple
Rosaceae
flowering tea crabapple
Rosaceae
Japanese crabapple, Siebold crabapple, toringo
Rosaceae
 
Rosaceae
Chinese redtip, stranvaesia
Rosaceae
Chinese redtip, stranvaesia
Rosaceae
oriental redtip
Rosaceae
apricot
Rosaceae
Nanking cherry
Rosaceae
Yoshino cherry
Rosaceae
Pyrus calleryana Decne.[HC2, Stace 1997]
Callery pear
Rosaceae
Pyrus nivalis Jacq.[Flora Europaea, HC2]
snow pear
Rosaceae
Allegheny blackberry, common blackberry
Rosaceae
red raspberry
Rosaceae
purple flowering raspberry
Rosaceae
Pennsylvania blackberry
Rosaceae
gian false spiraea, giant false spiraea
Rosaceae
false spiraea
Rosaceae
Sorbus hybrida L.[HC2, Stace 1997]
Swedish mountain-ash, Swedish service-tree
Rosaceae
wild service tree
Rosaceae
steeplebush
Rubiaceae
Galium humifusum M. Bieb.[HC2, Stace 1997]
creeping bedstraw, spreading bedstraw
Rubiaceae
rough-fruit corn bedstraw
Salicaceae
gray poplar
Salicaceae
corkscrew willow
Salicaceae
purple osier, basket willow, purple willow
Sapindaceae
field maple, hedge maple
Saxifragaceae
rue-leaved saxifrage
Scrophulariaceae
common figwort
Scrophulariaceae
 
Scrophulariaceae
 
Scrophulariaceae
 
Scrophulariaceae
hoary mullein
Scrophulariaceae
wand mullein
Solanaceae
belladonna, deadly nightshade
Solanaceae
angel's-trumpet
Solanaceae
jimson-weed, sacred thorn apple
Solanaceae
apple of Peru
Solanaceae
manyflower
Solanaceae
 
Solanaceae
low hairy ground cherry, strawberry-tomato
Solanaceae
horse-nettle
Solanaceae
irish potato
Tamaricaceae
French tamarisk
Thymelaeaceae
mezereon
Ulmaceae
American elm
Ulmaceae
Chinese elm, little-leaved elm
Ulmaceae
field elm
Urticaceae
pellitory-of-the-wall
Urticaceae
eastern pellitory-of-the-wall
Valerianaceae
keel-fruit cornsalad
Verbenaceae
herb of the cross, European vervain
Violaceae
Johnny jump-up
Violaceae
Johnny jump-up
Violaceae
 
Vitaceae
river-bank grape
Zygophyllaceae
Syrian bean-caper
Monocots:
Family
Taxon
Common Names
Alismataceae
delta arrowhead
Alismataceae
awl-leaf arrowhead
Alstroemeriaceae
Peruvian lily
Amaryllidaceae
Allium cepa L.[FNA26, HC2]
cultivated onion
Amaryllidaceae
Allium nigrum L.[FNA26, HC, HC2]
black garlic, Homer's garlic
Amaryllidaceae
three-corner leek
Amaryllidaceae
 
Amaryllidaceae
 
Amaryllidaceae
summer snowflake
Araceae
dragon arum, dragon lily
Asparagaceae
European lily-of-the-valley
Asparagaceae
 
Asparagaceae
 
Asparagaceae
drooping star-of-bethlehem
Asphodelaceae
yellow daylily
Colchicaceae
autumn crocus
Cyperaceae
silver-spiked sedge
Cyperaceae
Leers's sedge
Cyperaceae
Carex kobomugi Ohwi[FNA23, HC2, SPNW]
Japanese sedge
Cyperaceae
small-bracted sedge
Cyperaceae
Cyperus fuscus L.[FNA23, HC2]
brown flatsedge, brown galingale
Hydrocharitaceae
European frog-bit
Hydrocharitaceae
smooth frogbit, South American sponge-plant
Iridaceae
yellow crocus
Iridaceae
early crocus
Iridaceae
 
Iridaceae
spring crocus
Juncaceae
short-fruit rush
Juncaceae
blue rush
Juncaceae
southern woodrush
Juncaceae
southern woodrush
Juncaceae
snowy woodrush
Juncaceae
great woodrush
Liliaceae
common garden tulip
Poaceae
sideoat grama
Poaceae
sideoats grama
Poaceae
Briza minor L.[FNA24, HC, HC2]
little quaking grass
Poaceae
Job's-tears
Poaceae
modest pricklegrass
Poaceae
guleaf barnyard-grass
Poaceae
gulf barnyard grass
Poaceae
goosegrass
Poaceae
 
Poaceae
Festuca ovina L.[FNA24, HC]
sheep fescue
Poaceae
silky melic
Poaceae
Chinese silvergrass
Poaceae
purple moor grass
Poaceae
tender fountaingrass
Poaceae
Chilean rabbit's-foot grass
Poaceae
Asia Minor bluegrass
Poaceae
Russian wild-rye
Poaceae
blowout grass
Poaceae
broadleaf bamboo
Poaceae
fern grass
Poaceae
narrow rye
Poaceae
sorghum
Poaceae
Johnson grass, Johnsongrass
Poaceae
Chilean cordgrass