Washington Flora Checklist

Washington Flora Checklist
A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State
Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium

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Checklist » Ericaceae

Ericaceae (Heath Family)

Notes: FNA8: "The closest relatives of the broadly defined Ericaceae are Clethraceae and Cyrillaceae. Some phylogenies show Cyrillaceae as sister to Ericaceae; other analyses have Clethraceae and Cyrillaceae as closest relatives to each other, together forming the sister group to Ericaceae. Monotropa and related genera (genera 5-12 of this treatment), and Pyrola and related genera (genera 1-4 of this treatment) have been treated as families Monotropaceae and Pyrolaceae. Not all botanists agreed with this, as summarized by G. H. M. Lawrence (1951): "Many botanists (including Hutchinson) have held the view that the Pyrolaceae are not sufficiently distinct from the Ericaceae to be treated as a separate family." Differences in habit, floral features, and pollen have helped maintain family status for Pyrolaceae and Monotropaceae in regional floras. Molecular and morphological analyses (K. A. Kron et al. 2002) show these lineages embedded within Ericaceae. Similarly, Empetraceae has been demonstrated to be nested within Ericaceae and is here included in the Ericaceae.

Studies in the last several decades, especially since 1990 including molecular data, have resulted in rearrangements of generic limits in the Ericaceae. These are discussed under the various genera; for the reader’s convenience they are summarized here. Ledum is included in Rhododendron; Leiophyllum and Loiseleuria are included in Kalmia; and Hypopitys is included in Monotropa. Arctous is separated from the much larger Arctostaphylos, to which it is inferred to form a sister clade. Eubotrys is segregated from Leucothoe, with which it has often been combined. Vaccinium is treated in a broad sense, to include segregates such as Oxycoccus; although Vaccinium is decidedly polymorphic, this seems a workable approach until generic limits in the Vaccinieae Reichenbach are better understood."

Family Synonyms: (none)

Literature:

» Judd, W. S. and K. A. Kron. 1993. Circumscription of Ericaceae (Ericales) as determined by preliminary cladistic analyses based on morphological, anatomical, and embryological features. Brittonia 45: 99-114.

Kron, K. A. et al. 2002. Phylogenetic classification of Ericaceae: Molecular and morphological evidence. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 68: 335-423.

External Links:

» http://www.efloras.org/volume_page.aspx?volume_id=1008&flora_id=1

Family treatment authored by Fred Weinmann; last updated 12/15/2009 by David Giblin

Taxon (native species in boldface)	# Synonyms	Common Names
*Allotropa virgata* Torr. & Gray ex Gray [FNA8, H&C]	0	candystick, sugarstick
*Andromeda polifolia* L. var. *polifolia* [FNA8]	2	bog rosemary
*Arbutus menziesii* Pursh [FNA8, H&C]	1	Pacific madrone, Pacific madrona
*Arctostaphylos columbiana* Piper [FNA8, H&C]	1	bristly manzanita
*Arctostaphylos ×media* Greene [FNA8, H&C]	0	medium manzanita
*Arctostaphylos nevadensis* Gray ssp. *nevadensis* [FNA8]	1	pinemat manzanita
*Arctostaphylos patula* Greene [FNA8, H&C]	5	green-leaf manzanita
*Arctostaphylos uva-ursi* (L.) Spreng. [FNA8, H&C]	1	kinnikinnik, red bearberry
*Cassiope lycopodioides* (Pall.) D. Don [FNA8, IFBC]	3	clubmoss mountain heather; club-moss mountain-heather
*Cassiope mertensiana* (Bong.) G. Don ssp. *mertensiana* [FNA8]	3	western moss heather, Mertens' mountain heather
*Cassiope tetragona* (L.) D. Don ssp. *saximontana* (Small) Porsild [FNA8]	2	four-angled mountain heather, white arctic mountain heather
*Chimaphila menziesii* (R. Br. ex D. Don) Spreng. [FNA8, H&C]	1	little prince's-pine
*Chimaphila umbellata* (L.) W. P. C. Barton ssp. *umbellata* [FNA8]	8	Pipsissewa
*Elliottia pyroliflora* (Bong.) S.W. Brim & P.F. Stevens [FNA8, IFBC]	2	copperbush
*Gaultheria hispidula* (L.) Muhl. ex Bigelow [FNA8, H&C]	2	creeping-snowberry
*Gaultheria humifusa* (Graham) Rydb. [FNA8, H&C]	2	alpine wintergreen
*Gaultheria ovatifolia* Gray [FNA8, H&C]	0	western teaberry, slender wintergreen
*Gaultheria shallon* Pursh [FNA8, H&C]	0	salal
*Harrimanella stelleriana* (Pallas) Coville [FNA8, IFBC]	2	Alaska bellheather; Alaskan moss-heather; Alaskan mountain-heather
*Hemitomes congestum* Gray [FNA8, H&C]	4	gnome-plant, coneplant
*Kalmia microphylla* (Hook.) Heller var. *microphylla* [FNA8]	3	bog laurel, alpine-laurel
*Kalmia microphylla* (Hooker) A. Heller var. *occidentalis* (Small) Ebinger [FNA8]	2	Western swamp laurel
*Kalmia procumbens* (L.) Gift & Kron [FNA8]	3	alpine or trailing azalea
*Menziesia ferruginea* Sm. [FNA8]	5	fool's-huckleberry, false azalea
*Moneses uniflora* (L.) Gray [FNA8, IFBC]	4	single-delight
*Monotropa hypopitys* L. [FNA8]	8	many-flower Indian-pipe
*Monotropa uniflora* L. [FNA8, H&C]	2	one-flower Indian-pipe
*Orthilia secunda* (L.) House [FNA8, JPM-2]	4	one-sided pyrola, sidebells
*Phyllodoce empetriformis* (Sm.) D. Don [FNA8, H&C]	1	pink mountain-heath
*Phyllodoce glanduliflora* (Hook.) Coville [FNA8, H&C]	2	yellow mountain-heath
*Phyllodoce ×intermedia* (Hook.) Camp [FNA8, H&C]	2
*Pityopus californicus* (Eastw.) Copel. [FNA8, JPM-2]	3	California pinefoot
*Pleuricospora fimbriolata* Gray [FNA8, H&C]	2	fringed pinesap
*Pterospora andromedea* Nutt. [FNA8, H&C]	0	woodland pinedrops
*Pyrola asarifolia* Michx. ssp. *asarifolia* [FNA8]	4	pink pyrola
*Pyrola asarifolia* Michx. ssp. *bracteata* (Hook.) Haber [FNA8]	2	pink pyrola
*Pyrola chlorantha* Sw. [FNA8, H&C]	3	green-flower wintergreen
*Pyrola minor* L. [FNA8, H&C]	2	snowline wintergreen, lesser wintergreen
*Pyrola picta* Sm. [FNA8, IFBC]	9	white-vein wintergreen
*Rhododendron albiflorum* Hook. [FNA8, H&C]	2	white rhododendron
*Rhododendron columbianum* (Piper) Harmaja [FNA8]	8	western Labrador tea
*Rhododendron groenlandicum* (Oeder) Kron & Judd [FNA8, IFBC]	1	Labrador tea
*Rhododendron macrophyllum* D. Don ex G. Don [FNA8, H&C]	1	California rhododendron
*Vaccinium caespitosum* Michx. [FNA8, H&C]	9	dwarf bilberry, dwarf huckleberry
Vaccinium corymbosum L. [FNA8]	4	high-bush blueberry
*Vaccinium deliciosum* Piper [FNA8, H&C]	0	blueleaf huckleberry, Cascade blueberry, Rainier blueberry
Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. [FNA8, H&C]	1	large cranberry, cultivated cranberry
*Vaccinium membranaceum* Dougl. ex Torr. [FNA8, H&C]	4	thin-leaved huckleberry, tall huckleberry, square-twig blueberry
*Vaccinium myrtilloides* Michx. [FNA8, IFBC]	3	velvet-leaf blueberry
*Vaccinium myrtillus* L. [FNA8, H&C]	3	dwarf blueberry, low blueberry
*Vaccinium ovalifolium* Sm. [FNA8]	1	oval-leaf blueberry
*Vaccinium ovatum* Pursh [FNA8, H&C]	1	evergreen huckelberry
*Vaccinium oxycoccos* L. [FNA8, H&C]	10	small cranberry
*Vaccinium parvifolium* Sm. [FNA8, H&C]	0	red huckleberry
*Vaccinium scoparium* Leib. ex Coville [FNA8, H&C]	2	grouseberry
*Vaccinium uliginosum* L. [FNA8, H&C]	8	bog blueberry, bog bilberry