Notes: FNA8: "Classification of Saxifragaceae has been varied and controversial (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981; H. G. A. Engler 1930; J. Hutchinson 1973; G. K. W. Schulze-Menz 1964b; A. L. Takhtajan 1997; R. F. Thorne 1992). Molecular phylogenetic data (D. R. Morgan and D. E. Soltis 1993; Soltis et al. 1993, 2001; Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998, 2003) reveal that genera of Saxifragaceae in the broad sense are allied with at least ten separate, often distantly related families of flowering plants. These data also suggest that Saxifragaceae in the narrow sense as treated here consists of about 38 genera worldwide, equivalent to subfamily Saxifragoideae, one of the 15 subfamilies recognized by Engler and one of the 17 recognized by Schulze-Menz of the broadly defined Saxifragaceae. Molecular phylogenetic data (Soltis et al. 2001) show that the narrowly defined Saxifragaceae fall into two major groups: Saxifraga, and the heucheroid clade encompassing all other genera. Molecular data further show that Saxifraga, as traditionally understood, is polyphyletic, comprising two distinct lineages (treated here as Saxifraga and Micranthes) and the monospecific North American Cascadia. The major split between Saxifraga and the heucheroid clade is supported not only by molecular data from six DNA regions but by differences in patterns of floral morphology. Saxifraga has a relatively uniform floral morphology (radially symmetric flowers, with bilateral symmetry restricted to one Asian group of species, which consistently have the same number of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels). Almost all of the variation in the family in numbers of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels occurs in the heucheroid clade. Radially symmetric flowers predominate there, but some bilateral flowers are found in Bensoniella, Micranthes, Tolmiea, and some species of Heuchera."
Family Synonyms:
(none)
Literature:
(none)
Family treatment authored by Fred Weinmann; last updated 10/16/2009 by David Giblin
|
| Bolandra oregana S. Wats. [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
northern false coolwort |
| Boykinia intermedia (Piper) G.N. Jones [FNA8] |
3 |
|
| Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gray [FNA8] |
4 |
coastal brookfoam |
| Cascadia nuttallii (Small) A. M. Johnson [FNA8] |
1 |
|
| Chrysosplenium glechomifolium Nutt. [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
Pacific golden-saxifrage, Pacific watercarpet |
| Chrysosplenium tetrandrum (Lund ex Malmgr.) Th. Fries [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
northern golden-saxifrage |
| Elmera racemosa (S. Watson) Rydberg [FNA8] |
3 |
Elmera |
| Hemieva ranunculifolia (Hook.) Raf. [JPM2] |
3 |
|
| Heuchera chlorantha Piper [FNA8, H&C] |
0 |
meadow alumroot, green-flowered alumroot, tall alumroot |
| Heuchera cylindrica Dougl. [FNA8] |
13 |
poker alum-root |
| Heuchera glabra Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. Schultes [FNA8, H&C] |
0 |
smooth alumroot, alpine alumroot |
| Heuchera grossulariifolia Rydb. [FNA8] |
3 |
gooseberry-leaved alumroot |
| Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl. var. diversifolia (Rydb.) Rosendahl, Butters & Lakela [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
small-flowered alumroot |
| Heuchera micrantha Douglas ex Lindley var. hartwegii (S. Watson ex Wheelock) Rosendahl [FNA8] |
2 |
|
| Heuchera micrantha Dougl. ex Lindl. var. micrantha [FNA8, H&C] |
0 |
small-flowered alumroot |
| Leptarrhena pyrolifolia (D. Don) R. Br. ex Ser. [FNA8, H&C] |
6 |
leatherleaf saxifrage, pearleaf |
| Lithophragma glabrum Nutt. [FNA8] |
6 |
bulbiferous prairie star, bulbous woodlandstar |
| Lithophragma parviflorum (Hook.) Nutt [FNA8] |
2 |
small-flowered prairie star |
| Lithophragma tenellum Nutt. [FNA8] |
6 |
slender woodlandstar |
| Micranthes apetala (Piper) Small [FNA8] |
3 |
Tiny swamp saxifrage |
| Micranthes ferruginea (Graham) Brouillet & Gornall [FNA8] |
6 |
rusty saxifrage |
| Micranthes fragosa (Suksdorf ex Small) Small [FNA8] |
5 |
|
| Micranthes gormanii (Suksdorf) Brouillet & Gornall [FNA8] |
2 |
Gorman's saxifrage |
| Micranthes idahoensis (Piper) Brouillet & Gornall [FNA8] |
4 |
Idaho saxifrage |
| Micranthes integrifolia (Hook.) Small [FNA8] |
3 |
Whole-leaf saxifrage |
| Micranthes lyallii (Engl.) Small [FNA8] |
5 |
Lyall’s or red-stemmed saxifrage |
| Micranthes nelsoniana (D. Don) Small var. cascadensis (Calder & Savile) Gornall & H. Ohba [FNA8] |
3 |
dotted or Nelson’s saxifrage |
| Micranthes nidifica (Greene) Small [FNA8] |
7 |
|
| Micranthes occidentalis (S. Wats.) Small [FNA8] |
6 |
western or redwool saxifrage |
| Micranthes odontoloma (Piper) W.A. Weber [FNA8] |
5 |
|
| Micranthes oregana (Howell) Small [FNA8] |
7 |
Oregon or bog saxifrage |
| Micranthes rufidula Small [FNA8] |
7 |
|
| Micranthes tischii (Skelly) Brouillet & Gornall [FNA8] |
1 |
Olympic saxifrage |
| Micranthes tolmiei (Torrey & A. Gray) Brouillet & Gornall [FNA8] |
3 |
Tolmie’s or alpine saxifrage |
| Mitella breweri Gray [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
Brewer's mitrewort,feathery bishop's-cap |
| Mitella caulescens Nutt. [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
leafy mitrewort, star-shaped mitrewort |
| Mitella diversifolia Greene [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
angle-leaf bishop's-cap |
| Mitella nuda L. [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
bare-stemmed mitrewort |
| Mitella ovalis Greene [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
coastal mitrewort, coastal bishop's cap |
| Mitella pentandra Hook. [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
alpine mitrewort, five-stamen bishop's-cap |
| Mitella stauropetala Piper [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
side-flowered mitrewort, cross-shaped mitrewort |
| Mitella trifida Graham [FNA8, H&C] |
6 |
three-toothed mitrewort |
| Saxifraga adscendens L. [FNA8] |
3 |
wedge-leaf saxifrage |
| Saxifraga bronchialis L. ssp. austromontana (Wieg.) Piper [FNA8] |
3 |
spotted saxifrage, matted saxifrage |
| Saxifraga cernua L. [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
nodding saxifrage |
| Saxifraga cespitosa L. [FNA8] |
7 |
tufted or tufted alpine saxifrage |
| Saxifraga hyperborea R. Brown [FNA8] |
6 |
pygmy saxifrage |
| Saxifraga mertensiana Bong. [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
woodland saxifrage, Merten's saxifrage |
| Saxifraga oppositifolia L. ssp. oppositifolia [FNA8] |
2 |
purple mountain saxifrage, purple saxifrage, twinflowered saxifrage |
| Saxifraga vespertina (Small) Fedde [FNA8] |
4 |
|
| Saxifragopsis fragarioides (Greene) Small [FNA8] |
1 |
strawberry saxifrage |
| Suksdorfia violacea Gray [FNA8, H&C] |
0 |
violet mock brookfoam |
| Sullivantia oregana S. Wats. [FNA8, H&C] |
0 |
Oregon coolwort |
| Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. ex Lindl. [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
fringecup, fragrant fringecup |
| Tiarella trifoliata L. var. laciniata (Hook.) Wheelock [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
cut-leaved foamflower |
| Tiarella trifoliata L. var. trifoliata [FNA8, H&C] |
0 |
three-leaf foamflower |
| Tiarella trifoliata L. var. unifoliata (Hook.) Kurtz [FNA8, H&C] |
2 |
simple-leaved foamflower |
| Tolmiea menziesii (Pursh) Torr. & Gray [FNA8, H&C] |
1 |
piggyback-plant |
About