Plantaginaceae
Mare's-Tail Family, Plantain Family, Water-Starwort Family
Synonyms:
Callitrichaceae [HC]
Hippuridaceae [HC]
18 genera
95 species
36 subspecies and varieties
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Antirrhinum majusgarden snapdragon, greater snapdragon
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Bacopa rotundifoliadisk water-hyssop, round-leaved water-hyssop
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, native to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Mudfalts, mud-bottomed pools, backchannels, and other slow-moving water of streams and rivers.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche brutianarrow-leaf water-starwort
Distribution: Reported for Washington, but no specimens seen; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Flowing streams or quiet waters.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. hamulata – narrowleaf water-starwort
Callitriche hermaphroditicaautumn water-starwort, northern water-starwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across North America in scattered locations to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche heterophylladifferent-leaved water-starwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving, fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
var. bolanderi – Bolander's different-leaved water-starwort
var. heterophylla – different-leaved water-starwort
Callitriche marginatawinged water-starwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche palustrisspring water-starwort, vernal water-starwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Sloughs and slow-moving fresh water.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Callitriche stagnalispond water-starwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: In streams, ponds, and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chaenorhinum minusdwarf-snapdragon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon; east across much of North America to tha Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadside, disturbed open areas, waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia grandiflorablue-lips blue-eyed Mary, large-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, moist to rather dry areas, low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia parviflorasmall-flowered blue-eyed Mary, collinsia
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California and Colorado, east to Ontario and Michigan.
Habitat: Lowlands to alpine meadows in vernally (springtime) moist areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia rattaniiRattan collinsia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington along the Columbia River Gorge; south-central Washington to the John Day valley in Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Collinsia sparsiflorafew-flowered blue-eyed Mary, few-flowered collinsia
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent northern Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Open slopes, swales, forest edge, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: Annual
var. sparsiflora – few-flowered blue-eyed Mary
Cymbalaria muralisKenilworth-ivy, ivy-leaved toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, scattered eastward across North America to the Atlantic Coast where more broadly distributed.
Habitat: Roadsides, retaining walls, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Digitalis purpureapurple foxglove
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed partially shaded to sunny areas at low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
ssp. purpurea – purple foxglove
Gratiola ebracteatabractless hedge-hyssop
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to western Montana.
Habitat: Shallow water and muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gratiola neglectaAmerican hedge-hyssop, clammy hedge-hyssop
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: In shallow water and on muddy shores, and in other wet places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Hippuris montanamountain mare's-tail
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territories and Alberta.
Habitat: Wet meadows, streams and mossy banks in the moungtains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hippuris vulgariscommon mare's-tail
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountain, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Streams, ponds and shallow lakes, generally at least partially emerged.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Kickxia elatinesharpleaf cancerwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas, often where gravelly.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Linaria dalmaticaDalmation toadflax
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. dalmatica – brown-leaved toadflax, Dalmatian toadflax, dalmatian toadflax
ssp. macedonica – Dalmation toadflax
Linaria genistifoliabroomleaf toadflax
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; British Columbia to northeastern Oregon; in scattered localities across North America.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. genistifolia – broomleaf toadflax
Linaria grandifloralarge-flowered toadflax
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho; also in Colorado.
Habitat: Open areas roadsides, fields, wastelots, forest openings, typically where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linaria purpureapurple toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest edge, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Linaria vulgarisgreater butter-and-eggs
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Misopates orontiumlesser snapdragon, weasel's snout
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, also in Idaho and Utah; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in urban settings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Nothochelone nemorosawoodland beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at middle elevations to moist forest edge and slopes in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Nuttallanthus canadensisCanada toadflax, old field toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia and Puget Trough islands to western Oregon and California.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Nuttallanthus texanusblue toadflax, Texas toadflax
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Sasketchewan and across much of the U.S. except the upper Midwest and Northeast.
Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Penstemon acuminatussand dune penstemon, sharp-leaved penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest from Chelan and Douglas counties south along the Columbia River to Klickitat County; central Washington to north-central Oregon, also from southeastern Oregon to northern Nevada, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, sandy places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. acuminatus – sand dune beardtongue, sand dune penstemon, sharp-leaved penstemon
Penstemon attenuatustaper-leaved beardtongue, sulphur penstemon, taper-leaved penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, east to western Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to moist meadows and woodland slopes from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. attenuatus – taper-leaved beardtongue, sulphur penstemon, taper-leaved penstemon
Penstemon barrettiaeBarrett's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Woodland openings and rocky slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon cardwelliiCardwell's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to southwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Open or wooded summits or slopes at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon cinereusgray beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to northeastern California and northwestern Nevada.
Habitat: Open areas at low to middle elevations in loamy or igneous rocky or gravelly soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
ssp. cinereus – gray beardtongue
ssp. foliatus – leafy gray beardtongue
Penstemon confertuslesser yellow beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Coniferous forest openings and open slopes from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon davidsoniiDavidson's penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. davidsonii – Davidson's beardtongue
var. menziesii – Davidson's beardtongue
Penstemon deustushot-rock penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Open rocky roadsides, hillsides, and rock outcrops, sometimes in dry meadows, lowland to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. deustus – hot-rock penstemon
var. variabilis – hotrock penstemon, scabland penstemon, scorched penstemon
Penstemon ellipticusrockvine beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Rocky places at high elevations in the mountains, often on cliffs, ledges, or in rock crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon eriantheruscrested-tongue penstemon, fuzzy-tongue penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest chiefly in central and northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys, plains and foothills, sometimes ascending to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. eriantherus – fuzzy-tongue penstemon
var. whitedii – Whited's fuzzy-tongue penstemon
Penstemon euglaucusglaucous beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Range in Washington from Mt Adams south; Washington to central Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, open or sparsely wooded slopes at moderate elevations to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon fruticosusbush penstemon, shrubby penstemon
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Common in rocky, open or wooded areas, foothills to rather high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. fruticosus – shrubby penstemon
var. scouleri – shrubby penstemon
var. serratus – shrubby penstemon
Penstemon gairdneriGairdner's penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open sagebrush desert and scablands, low to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. gairdneri – Gairdner's penstemon
Penstemon glandulosusglandular penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to north-central Oregon, and from southeastern Washington to eastern Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky hillsides and banks in the foothills, valleys, and lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. chelanensis – sticky-stem penstemon
var. glandulosus – sticky-stem penstemon
Penstemon hesperiustall beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; narrowly distributed from southwestern Washington to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, lowland meadows and stream banks.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon lyalliiLyall's penstemon
Distribution: Reported from east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington, but no specimens seen; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Alberta, northern Idaho, and western Montana.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, talus, and rock outcrops.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon ovatusegg-leaf beardtongue, broad-leaved penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Open woods below 3000 feet in elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon pennellianusBlue Mountains beardtongue, Pennell's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to the Blue Mountains in adjacent northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Open, gravelly and sandy slopes and ridges, sometimes associated with ponderosa pine forest openings, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon procerussmall-flowered penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist forest openings at moderate elevations to rocky slopes at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. procerus – small-flowered penstemon
var. tolmiei – small-flowered penstemon
Penstemon pruinosusChelan beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Open, rocky places from the valleys and plains to moderate elevations in the mountains, and in the scablands in Washington.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon richardsoniiRichardson's penstemon
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to north-central and northeast Oregon.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and other dry, rocky places at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. richardsonii – Richardson's penstemon
Penstemon rupicolacliff beardtongue, rock penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and rocky slopes from middle elevations in the mountains to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon rydbergiiRydberg's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open slopes, occasionally on drier slopes with sagebrush, chiefly in the foothills and at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon serrulatusCascade beardtongue, coast penstemon
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist to wet meadows and forest openings, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon speciosusroyal beardtongue, showy penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded areas, often with sagebrush, juniper or ponderosa pine, mostly in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon subserratusfine-toothed beardtongue, subserrate beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; north-central Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Open ponderosa pine forest and clearings at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon triphylluswhorled beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern area of Washington; Southeast Washington south to adjacent Oregon and east to adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Cliff crevices and dry, rocky banks and slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. triphyllus – whorled beardtongue, whorled penstemon
Penstemon venustuselegant beardtongue, Blue Mountain penstemon
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where introduced in central Washington and native to the Blue Mountains region in southeastern Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native and Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon washingtonensisWashington beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest, where endemic to Chelan and Okanogan in Washington.
Habitat: From open slopes and flats at moderate elevations to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Penstemon wilcoxiiWilcox's beardtongue
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Open or often wooded, sometimes in rocky places, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago arenariasand plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland southwestern Washington; British Columbia to California, also in Idaho and central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Sandy areas of roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Plantago coronopusbuck-horn plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California; also in Manitoba, Texas, and northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Occasional at low elevations along the coast in sandy or disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and northern Africa
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Plantago elongataslender plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of western Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; British Columbia to California, east to Minnesota and Texas.
Habitat: Moist, somewhat saline areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Plantago lanceolataEnglish plantain
Distribution: Occuring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast; cosmopolitan.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago macrocarpaAlaska plantain, large-fruited plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the outer coast in Washington; Alaska to Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago majorcommon plantain, great plantain
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago maritima
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Salt marshes, bluffs and cliffs along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Plantago patagonicawoolly plantain
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in South America.
Habitat: Dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Plantago subnudaMexican plantain, tall coastal plantain
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal southwestern Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and coastal bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tonella floribundagreater baby-innocence, large-flowered tonella
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Open, often rocky places, at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Tonella tenellalesser baby-innocence, small-flowered tonella
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; disjunct in southwestern British Columbia and the northern Olympic Peninsula, otherwise southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Fairly moist in open to partly shaded places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica americanaAmerican brooklime, American speedwell
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Ditches, slow moving streams, oxbows, and other water bodies, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica anagallis-aquaticablue water speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: In or along slow-moving streams and ditches at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica argute-serratabilobed speedwell
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains, also in scattered areas of eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica arvensiscorn speedwell, wall speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, gardens and roadsides
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica catenatachain speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Veronica chamaedrysGermander speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, gardens, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica cusickiiCusick's speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open, moist, rocky slopes from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica dissectafeather-leaf kittentails
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington, where disjunct; Idaho and Montana to Utah.
Habitat: Stony, subalpine to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. lanuginosa – cut-leaf kittentails
Veronica filiformisthread-stalk speedwell
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Weed of lawns and gardens
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica hederifoliaivy-leaf speedwell
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho and Utah; other scattered locations in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Waste places, disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica ×lackschewitziiLackschewitz's speedwell
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Yakima County; also reported for Nebraska and California.
Habitat: Slow-moving streams and ditches.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica longifolialong-leaf speedwell
Distribution: Known from only a few localities west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica missuricatailed kittentails
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Moist forest slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. major – tailed kittentails
ssp. missurica – mountain kittentail
ssp. stellata – starry-tailed kittentails
Veronica officinalisPaul's betony, common speedwell
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, forest edge, lawns, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica peregrinapurslane speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Swales, wet meadows, stream banks, and other moist places, from the lowlands to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Both native (var. xalapensis) and introduced (var. peregrina) varieties
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: Annual
var. peregrina – purslane speedwell
var. xalapensis – purslane speedwell
Veronica persicabird-eye speedwell, Persian speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lawns and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica politagray speedwell
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Idaho, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica regina-nivalissnow-queen, round-leaved synthyris
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Forest understory at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica rubrared coraldrops, red kittentails
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open slopes and dry meadows in the lowlands and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica schizanthafringe-petal kittentails, fringed kittentails
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains foothills of western Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Moist ground at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica scutellatagrass-leaf speedwell, marsh speedwell, skullcap speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern North America; Eurasia
Habitat: Wet places and open water, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Veronica serpyllifoliathyme-leaved speedwell
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows and shores, from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Both native and introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. humifusa – thyme-leaved speedwell
var. serpyllifolia – thyme-leaved speedwell
Veronica triphyllosfinger speedwell
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho; also in the central U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, balds, and grasslands.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica vernaspring speedwell
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Veronica wormskjoldiiAmerican alpine speedwell
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist ground and seeps, mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial