Asteraceae
Aster Family
Synonyms:
Compositae [HC]
129 genera
427 species
121 subspecies and varieties
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Achillea millefoliummilfoil, yarrow
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal
Habitat: Common in open, dry to somewhat moist areas from low to high elevations; tolerant of disturbance.
Origin: Both native and introduced populations
Flowers: February-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Achillea ptarmicapearl yarrow
Distribution: Reported from Washington but no specimens seen; Alaska to Oregon, east in scattered locations across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas where occasinally escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Adenocaulon bicolorpathfinder, trailplant
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east the northern Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Moist, shady woods at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ageratina occidentaliswestern boneset, western snakeroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Utah, and Nevada.
Habitat: Rocky places at various altitudes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Agoseris apargioidesseaside agoseris
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington along the outer coast. Washington to California.
Habitat: Coastal dunes and beach heads.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. maritima – seaside agoseris
Agoseris aurantiacaorange agoseris
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Quebec.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings at from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. aurantiaca – orange agoseris, slender agoseris
var. carnea – pink agoseris
Agoseris ×elatatall agoseris, tall goat-chicory
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; south-central British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Meadows and open woods, from the valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Agoseris glaucapale agoseris, short-beaked agoseris
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Open forests and open areas, from low to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. dasycephala – pale goat-chicory
Agoseris grandifloralarge-flowered agoseris
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Prairies, balds, meadows, and forest openings, often where seasonally dry, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. grandiflora – large flowered agoseris, large flower goat-chicory
var. leptophylla – Puget Sound agoseris
Agoseris heterophyllaannual agoseris
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to mid-elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Agoseris monticolamountain agoseris, Sierra Nevada agoseris
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Mesic meadows in the subalpine and alpine, often in soils of volcanic origin.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Agoseris retrorsaspear leaved agoseris, spear leaf goat-chicory
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada, Utah, and Arizona.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, grassy slopes, and ponderosa pine forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ambrosia acanthicarpaflat spine bur-ragweed, annual bursage, bur ragweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Sandy soils, dunes, and other well-drained soils in open areas at low to middle elevations, often locally common.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Ambrosia artemisiifoliaannual ragweed, common ragweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, wastelots, and other dry, disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Ambrosia chamissonissilver beachweed, beach bur, cutleaf beach bur, silver bur-ragweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the marine coastline beaches in Washington; British Columbia, south along the coast, to California.
Habitat: Common on sandy beaches above high tide level.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ambrosia psilostachyaperennial ragweed, western ragweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ambrosia trifidagiant ragweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed sites, often where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Anaphalis margaritaceapearly everlasting
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast except for extreme southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Dry to somewhat moist open areas, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Anisocarpus madioideswoodland tarplant, woodland tarweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; Southern British Columbia to southern California.
Habitat: Open woods and woodland edge, and thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Antennaria alpinaalpine pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring in the North Cascades Mountains in Washington; Alaska to Washington, Montana, and Wyoming, east across Canada; circumboreal.
Habitat: Alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria anaphaloidestall pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia, including southern Vancouver Island, to Oregon, east to Sasketchewan, Montana, Colorado, and Nevada.
Habitat: Grassy hillsides, open woodlands, and ponderosa pine forest openings from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria corymbosaflat topped pussytoes, meadow pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Streamsides, willow thickets and moist meadows in subalpine and alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria dimorphacushion pussytoes, low pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Nebraska.
Habitat: Dry, open places in sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings, often on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria flagellarisstoloniferous pussytoes, whip pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to dry, open areas at middle elevations, often in lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria geyeriGeyer's pussytoes, pinewoods pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; southern Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Rocky slopes with ash, sand, or pumice soils, lithosols, and open forest.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria howelliiHowell's pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Rocky or sandy slopes, dry to moist grasslands, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. howellii – Howell's pussytoes
ssp. neodioica – northern pussytoes
Antennaria lanatawoolly pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry or moist subalpine to alpine meadows, rocky slopes, and ridges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria luzuloidessilvery-brown pussytoes, woodrush pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and South Dakota.
Habitat: Sagebrush grasslands at low elevations to dry, rocky slopes at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. luzuloides – silvery brown pussytoes, woodrush pussytoes
Antennaria mediaalpine pussytoes, Rocky Mountain pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; circumboreal
Habitat: On rocky slopes and ridges, and in talus and pumice, from subalpine to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria microphyllalittle-leaf pussytoes, rosy pussytoes, white pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common east of the crest; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Dry to moist habitats, including meadows, ponderosa pine forest openings, rocky slopes, and floodplains from the lowlands to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria monocephalapygmy pussytoes, single-headed pussytoes
Distribution: Reported from the North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to British Columbia, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming; also in the Russian Far East.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, ridges, and rocky outcroppings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria parvifolialittle-leaf pussytoes, Nuttall's pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Meadows, open forest, gravelly slopes, and sandy flats from the lowlands middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria pulcherrimashowy pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streams, wet thickets and meadows, and peatlands from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria pulvinatawhite pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common east of the crest; Yukon Territory to northern Washington, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Alpine areas where rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria racemosaHooker's pussytoes, raceme pussytoes
Distribution: Widely distributed in mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Dry to damp rocky slopes, forest openings, and ledges from low to elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria stenophyllanarrowleaved pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Nevada, east to central Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky slopes, flats, lithosol areas, and dry grasslands in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Antennaria umbrinellabrown-bract pussytoes, umber pussytoes
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Saskatchewan, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Forest openings at middle elevations to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Anthemis arvensiscorn chamomile, field chamomile
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains in the U.S, widespread from the midwestern U.S. to eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Anthemis cotulamayweed chamomile, stinking chamomile, dogfennel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Arctium lappagreat burdock, greater burdock
Distribution: Known from a few scattered locations in Washington; British Columbia to California, in Montana, east from California to Colorado and Arizona, also across Canadian Great Plains to Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, forest openings and edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Arctium minuscommon burdock, lesser burdock
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Biennial
Arnica chamissonisleafy arnica, meadow arnica, narrowleaf arnica, silvery arnica, leafy leapordbane
Distribution: Occurring both sides of the Cascades, including the northeastern corner of Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows and wet places from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica cordifoliaheart-leaf arnica, heart-leaf leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and the Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Light forest understory, openings, and edge, from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica discoidearayless arnica, rayless leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades Mountains of Klickitat and Skamania counties in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Forest openings from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica fulgenshillside arnica, orange arnica, shining leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Meadows and open slopes from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica gracilisslender arnica, slender leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in the mountainous areas in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and meadows, from the subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica lanceolataclasping arnica, stream bank arnica
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, including the Olympic Mountains and the northeastern region; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Streambanks, moist woods and meadows from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. prima – clasping arnica, streambank arnica, streambank leopardbane
Arnica latifoliabroad-leaved arnica, mountain arnica, daffodil leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Common in forest openings and meadows, and open, rocky areas from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica longifolialongleaf arnica, seep spring arnica, spear-leaf leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky soil in seeps or springs, cliffs, or riverbanks, from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica molliscordilleran arnica, hairy arnica, cordilleran leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica nevadensisNevada arnica, Sierra arnica, Sierran leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic mountains in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes and forest openings in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica ovatasticky arnica, sticky-leaf arnica
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Rocky places from middle elevations to the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica parryiParry's arnica
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open woods and meadows, from middle elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica rydbergiiRydberg's arnica, subalpine arnica, subalpine leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern California, east to Alberta and Colorado.
Habitat: Dry meadows and open slopes at high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Arnica sororiabunch arnica, twin arnica, twin leopardbane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: From low elevation prairies and grasslands to coniferous forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia absinthiumabsinthe, old-man, wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia annuasweet Annie, sweet sagewort, annual wormwood
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Artemisia arbusculadwarf sagebrush, low sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, dry plains and hills in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. arbuscula – little sagebrush, low sagebrush
Artemisia biennisbiennial wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast, where considered introduced.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, irrigation ditches, streambanks, and other disturbed open areas, especially in sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Artemisia campestrisPacific sagewort, northern wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast; also in Eurasia.
Habitat: Open places, often in sandy or rocky soil, from low elevations to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
var. borealis – northern wormwood
var. scouleriana – Pacific sagewort, Scouler's wormwood
var. wormskioldii – Columbia Islands sagewort, Wormskiold's wormwood sagewort
Artemisia canahoary sagebrush, silver sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. bolanderi – Bolander's hairy sagebrush
Artemisia douglasianaDouglas's mugwort, Douglas's sagewort, Douglas's wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Mostly along stream banks and river bottoms.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia dracunculusdragon sagewort, tarragon, dragon wormwood
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia frigidaprairie sagebrush, prairie sagewort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Dry, open sagebrush plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia furcatathree-forked mugwort, forked wormwood
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains of Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territories, Alberta, and Nunavut.
Habitat: Open, rocky ledges and talus slopes in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia ludovicianawestern mugwort, prairie sage
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows and open slopes, from the lowlands to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. candicans – gray sagewort
ssp. incompta – intermediate sagewort, mountain wormwood
ssp. lindleyana – Lindley's western mugwort, Lindley's prairie sage
ssp. ludoviciana – western mugwort, Louisiana sagewort, silver wormwood
Artemisia michauxianaMichaux's mugwort, lemon sagewort, Michaux's wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and Wyoming.
Habitat: Rocky places in the mountains at rather high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia norvegicamountain sagewort, boreal wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine areas, typically where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. saxatilis – mountain sagewort
Artemisia rigidascabland sagebrush, stiff sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Dry, rocky places from the plains and foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: September-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia spiciformissnowfield sagebrush, spiked sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to California, east to southwestern Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Cool, moist slopes, from middle elevations to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia stellerianadusty miller, old-woman, beach wormwood, Steller's wormwood
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the northeastern coast of the Olympic Peninsula in Washington; native to Alaska, also occurring from the Great Lakes region east to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Coastal dunes and beaches in developed coastal areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia suksdorfiicoastal mugwort, Suksdorf's sagewort, coastal wormwood
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Bluffs, beaches, rocky areas, and riverbanks, especially near the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia tilesiiAleutian mugwort, Cascade wormwood
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascade Mountains of Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, and east across Canada to Quebec.
Habitat: Open rocky or gravelly, wet or dry sites, from middle elevations to the alpine, descending to sea level northward.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Artemisia tridentatabig sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry plains and foothills to the subalpine, but not in lithosol or alkaline soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. tridentata – big sagebrush
ssp. vaseyana – mountain big sagebrush, Vasey sagebrush
ssp. wyomingensis – Wyoming sagebrush
Artemisia tripartitacut-leaf sagebrush, threetip sagebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon and Nevada, east to Idaho and Wyoming.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. tripartita – cutleaf sagebrush, threetip sagebrush
Artemisia vulgarismugwort, lobed wormwood
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Askellia pygmaealow hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic and Cascades mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Nunavut and Colorado, also in northeastern Canada; Asia.
Habitat: Talus, scree, moraines, sandy or gravelly slopes, subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Baccharis pilularischaparral broom, coyote brush
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southern Washington; Washington to California, also in New Mexico.
Habitat: Coastal dunes, bluffs, and thickets.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. consanguinea – chaparral broom
Balsamorhiza ×bonserihybrid balsamroot
Distribution: Local in eastern Washington where Balsamorhiza rosea is found
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes at low elevation
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza careyanaCarey's balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to central Oregon.
Habitat: Open places, but not on lithosol, in the plains, foothills, and lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza careyana × Balsamorhiza hookerihybrid balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza deltoideadeltoid balsamroot, Puget balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Prairies, open slopes, and forest edge at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza hookerihairy balsamroot, hare's head balsamroot, Hooker's balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to western Montana, southern Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to moderate elevations, usually in lithosol (rocky, cobbly soil).
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza hookeri × Balsamorhiza sagittatahybrid balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; also known from Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza incanahoary balsamroot, woolly balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the southeastern counties in Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon, east through Idaho to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Mesic meadows and slopes at lower to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza rosearosy balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; south-central Washington to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza sagittataarrowleaf balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and other open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza serrataserrrate balsamroot, toothed balsamroot
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central and southeastern Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Rock outcrops and dry, rocky knolls.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza ×terebinthaceawormwood balsamroot
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Balsamorhiza ×tomentosawooly hybrid balsamroot
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bellis perennisEnglish daisy, lawn daisy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and in central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Fields, parks, lawns, balds, wastelots, and other disturbed or cultivated areas, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: March-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bidens amplissimaVancouver Island beggar-ticks
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the northern Puget Trough area in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to King County, Washington.
Habitat: Wetlands, estuaries, pond and stream margins.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bidens beckiiBeck's water marigold
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Lowland ponds and lakes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bidens cernuanodding beggar-ticks, bur-marigold
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks, pond and lake edges, and other wet places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Bidens connatapurplestem beggars-ticks, swamp beggar-ticks
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Idaho and Montana; native from central North America east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Marshes, shorelines and other wet, sunny areas.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Bidens frondosaleafy beggar-ticks, devil's pitchfork, sticktight
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shores of ponds, lakes, backwater channels, and other wetland areas at low elevations, often where disturbed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Bidens tripartitathree-lobed beggar-ticks
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast where native.
Habitat: Wet places, often where disturbed, primarily at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Bidens vulgatatall beggar-ticks, western sticktight
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across all but the southwestern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streamsides, ponds, lakes, ditches and other moist to wet waste places.
Origin: Introduced from British Columbia
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Blepharipappus scaberblepharipappus, rough eyelashweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho and northwest Nevada.
Habitat: Grasslands, open slopes, forest edge, sagebrush desert, and other open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Boltonia asteroideswhite doll's daisy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the lower Columbia River in southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to adjacent northwestern Oregon, otherwise native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lowland flood plains and wet meadows.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. recognita – white doll's daisy
Brickellia grandifloratasselflower brickellbush, large flowered tasselflower, large flowered thoroughwort
Distribution: Occasional east of the Cascades in Washington and Oregon.
Habitat: Openings in woods at moderate elevations, sometimes in plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Brickellia microphyllasmall-leaved brickellbush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, rocky foothills, canyons, washes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. microphylla – small-leaved brickellbush, small-leaved brickellia
Brickellia oblongifolianarrow-leaved brickellbush, narrow-leaved thoroughwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, often rocky places from lowland sagebrush desert to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. oblongifolia – narrowleaf brickellia
Cacaliopsis nardosmiasilvercrown luina, tall silvercrown
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Meadows, forest edge, forest openings, and light forest understory from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Canadanthus modestusfew-flowered aster, great northern aster
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in the mountainous areas of Washington; Yukon Territory to Oregon, east to the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Streambanks, pond and lake margins, and moist woods at middle-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Carduus acanthoidesplumeless thistle, spiny plumeless thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; British Columbia to Washington, also in California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Biennial
Carduus nutansmusk thistle, nodding thistle
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Carduus pycnocephalusItalian plumeless thistle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Clallam County; Washington to California and Idaho, also in central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
ssp. pycnocephalus – Italian plumeless thistle
Carduus tenuiflorusslender flowered thistle, winged plumeless thistle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; Washington to California, also in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Centaurea benedictablessed thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Centaurea calcitrapapurple star-thistle, red star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to New Mexico, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Centaurea cyanusbachelor's button, garden cornflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Centaurea diffusadiffuse knapweed, tumble knapweed, white knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas; noxious.
Origin: Introduced from the eastern Mediterranean region
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Centaurea ×gerstlauerihybrid knapweed, meadow knapweed, protean knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea ibericaIberian knapweed, Iberian star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, also in Wyoming and Kansas.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, dry meadows, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea jaceabrown knapweed, brownray knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, shores, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea macrocephalaglobe knapweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington to Montana, also in Colorado, and Great Lakes region to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides and meadows.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea melitensisMaltese star-thistle, tocalote
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California and Mexico, east to Texas and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, balds, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Centaurea montanamountain bluet, mountain cornflower, montane star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Montana, Idaho, and Utah, also from Great Lakes region to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, shores, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea nigrablack knapweed, lesser knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, also Great Lakes region east to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea nigrescensshort fringed knapweed, Tyrol knapweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming, also from Great Lakes region east to northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea solstitialisyellow star-thistle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, meadows, grassy slopes, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Centaurea stoebespotted knapweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest openings, meadows, fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. australis – spotted knapweed
Centaurea trichocephalafeatherhead knapweed
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial
Centaurea ×varnensishybrid diffuse knapweed, sand knapweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Centromadia pungenscommon spikeweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and south-central Washington; central Washington to California, where native east to Idaho, Nevada, and Arizona.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from California
Flowers: July-Sept.
Growth Duration: Annual
ssp. pungens – common spikeweed, western spikeweed
Chaenactis douglasiihoary chaenactis, hoary false-yarrow
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert flats and slopes, ponderosa pine forest openings, and meadows near the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
var. douglasii – dustymaidens, hoary false yarrow
Chaenactis thompsoniiThompson's pincushion
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to the Wenatchee Mountains.
Habitat: Open, usually rocky areas, at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chondrilla junceahogbite, rush skeletonweed, gum succory
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana; also occurring in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, sagebrush desert, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorusgreen rabbit-brush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. lanceolatus – sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush
ssp. viscidiflorus – sticky flowered rabbitbrush, sticky-leaf rabbitbrush, yellow rabbitbrush
Cichorium intybuschicory, wild succory
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Cirsium arvenseCanadian thistle, creepiing thistle
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, prairies, grasslands, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Cirsium brevifoliumPalouse thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern and southeastern Washington; eastern Washington to northeast Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Palouse grassland remnants, dry rocky slopes, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Cirsium brevistylumclustered thistle, short-styled thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Slopes, open forest, and moist meadows from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
Cirsium eduleedible thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Forest openings and edge, meadows, roadsides, and other open areas at low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
var. edule – edible thistle, Indian thistle, Macoun's thistle
var. wenatchense – Wenatchee thistle
Cirsium flodmaniiFlodman's thistle
Distribution: British Columbia to north-central Washington,south in the Rocky Mountains from Alberta, east to the Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Grasslands, stream banks, and roadsides at low to middle elevations.
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Cirsium hookerianumHooker's thistle, white thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Moist lowlands, open slopes and fields.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Cirsium inamoenumGreene's thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Grassland, sagebrush desert, and dry rocky slopes from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
var. inamoenum – Greene's thistle
Cirsium remotifoliumfew-leaf thistle, Pacific fringed thistle, remote-leaved thistle, weak thistle
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks, open for, brushy slopes, from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Cirsium scariosumelk thistle, meadow thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet meadows, moist, sometimes alkaline ground, and forest openings from the foothills to fairly high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Cirsium undulatumwavy leaf thistle
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Michigan and Texas.
Habitat: Dry hillsides and plains at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Cirsium vulgarebull thistle, common thistle
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, ditches, balds, prairies, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Biennial
Columbiadoria halliiColumbia River daisy, Hall's goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring in the east end of the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, open or sparsely wooded slopes at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Conyza bonariensisSouth American conyza
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; Washington to California, eastward in the southern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Conyza canadensisCanadian fleabane, horseweed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, balds, prairies, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Coreopsis grandiflorabigleaf tickseed
Origin: Introduced
Coreopsis lanceolatalance-leaved tickseed
Origin: Introduced
Coreopsis tinctoriacalliopsis, Columbia coreopsis
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and along the lower Columbia River in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open and disturbed areas at low to mid elevations where seasonally moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Cota austriacaAustrian chamomile
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known from the Pullman area; not known from elsewhere in North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Cota tinctoriagolden chamomile, yellow chamomile
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the central and northern regions of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Cotula coronopifoliabrass buttons, common brass buttons
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the Puget Sound, outer coast, and lower Columbia River shorelines. Alaska to California, east to Nevada and Arizona, also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Tidal flats.
Origin: Introduced from South Africa
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis acuminatalong-leaved hawksbeard, tapertip hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry slopes and forest openings from the foothiils to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis atribarbaslender hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry slopes, sagebrush, and forest openings from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis bakeriBaker's hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry slopes, sagebrush, and forest openings from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis barbigerabearded hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush deserts to ponderosa pine forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis capillarissmooth hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-November
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Crepis intermediagray hawksbeard, intermediate hawksbeard, limestone hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open forest, grassland, meadows, rocky or sandy slopes, and ridges from low to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis modocensislow hawksbeard, Modoc hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Common in shrub-steppe, sagebrush, and conifer forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis nicaeensisFrench hawksbeard, Turkish hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to southwestern Oregon, also in western Montana, the Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, forest openings, and other disturbed areas, often where at least seasonally moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Crepis occidentaliswestern hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains of Canada and the U.S.
Habitat: Dry, open places, mostly in the foothills and plains, but also found in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Crepis runcinatadandelion hawksbeard, meadow hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to dry meadows, marshes, seeps, shores, riverbanks, often where alkaline, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. runcinata – dandelion hawksbeard, meadow hawksbeard
Crepis setosabristly hawksbeard, rough hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, also in Montana and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Crepis tectorumannual hawksbeard, narrow leaf hawksbeard, rooftop hawksbeard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern regions of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Crocidium multicaulegold-star, spring-gold
Distribution: Occurring on both sides the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from low to middle elevations, especially common in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Crupina vulgarisbearded creeper, crupina
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central and southeastern Washington to California, east to adjacent Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Cyclachaena xanthiifoliacarelessweed, burweed marsh-elder, tall marsh-elder
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Bottomlands and other moist, open, often disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from south-central Canada and the central U.S.
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Dieteria canescenshoary-aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to southern California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the plains and foothills, occasionally extending into the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. incana – hoary-aster, tall hoary-aster
Doronicum willdenowiiWilldenow's leopard-bane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to western Washington.
Habitat: Roadsides and disturbed forest edge at low elevations, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eatonella niveawhite Eatonella, white false tickhead
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, sandy, or volcanic desert areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
ssp. ruthenicus – southern globe thistle
Erechtites minimusAustralian burnweed, toothed coast burnweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, riverbanks, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Australia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Ericameria bloomeriBloomer's goldenweed, rabbitbrush goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and open woods, from the foothills to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ericameria greeneiGreene's goldenweed, Greene's heath goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascade crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky slopes and open forests from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ericameria nauseosacommon rabbit-brush
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Montana.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from the plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. nana – little rabbitbrush
var. speciosa – rubber rabbitbrush
Ericameria resinosaColumbia goldenweed, Columbian heath goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Basalt cliffs and rock crevices in the plains and foothills, extending up to 6000 feet on the east slope of the Cascades.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron acrisbitter fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, and open slopes from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial, Perennial
var. kamtschaticus – Kamchatka bitter fleabane
Erigeron aliceaeAlice's fleabane, Eastwood's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in the Olympic Mountains and southward in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist to fairly dry, sandy, open areas at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron annuusannual fleabane, eastern daisy fleabane, sweet scabrous fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Utah, not recorded for Montana, also from Great Plains east to the Atlantic.
Habitat: Moist, disturbed areas from the lowlands to middle elevations.
Origin: Native? Introduced in OR, status as a native in BC uncertain
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Erigeron aureusgolden fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Exposed rocky areas, cliffs, and ridges in subalpine to alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August.
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron basalticusbasalt fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest where endemic to Kittitas and Yakima counties in Washington.
Habitat: Cliff crevices in rocky canyons.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron bloomeriBloomer's fleabane, scabland fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open, rocky areas at low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. bloomeri – Bloomer's fleabane, scabland fleabane
Erigeron caespitosustufted fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, Idaho, Utah, and Arizona, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open, and often rocky places in sagebrush
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron chrysopsidisdwarf yellow fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe to open slopes of forests at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. chrysopsidis – dwarf yellow fleabane, golden fleabane
Erigeron composituscutleaf daisy, dwarf mountain fleabane, fernleaf fleabane, trifid mountain fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the northern Great Plains, also in northern and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Sandy riverbanks at low elevations to rocky outcrops at mid- to high elevation in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron corymbosusfoothill fleabane, longleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to eastern Oregon, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, usually dry places, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron davisiiDavis's daisy, Davis's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to northeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky ridges and slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron disparipilusSnake River fleabane, white cushion fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Snake River area in southeastern Washington; southeastern Washington to southeastern Oregon, east to southwestern Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, rocky hillsides at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron divergens
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains of the U.S.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, riverbanks, and forest openings from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Erigeron eatoniiEaton's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Grasslands, sagebrush, dry slopes, and forest openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. villosus – Eaton's shaggy fleabane
Erigeron elatusswamp fleabane
Distribution: Reported east of the Cascades crest in north-central Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Wet meadows, edges of ponds, and forested wetlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron filifoliusPeck's threadleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains, dry slopes, and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron flettiiFlett's fleabane, Olympic Mt. fleabane
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington, where endemic.
Habitat: Cliffs and other rocky places in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron glacialisglacier fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist, open areas at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. glacialis – subalpine fleabane
Erigeron howelliiHowell's fleabane
Distribution: Known only from Skamania County in Washington; Skamania County, WA to Clackamas and Multnomah counties in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist, rocky places in the lowlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron inornatusCalifornia rayless fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Dry slopes and forest openings, often where sandy or rocky.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. inornatus – California rayless fleabane
Erigeron leibergiiLeiberg's fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in In the Wenatchee Mountains of Okanogan, Chelan and Kittitas counties; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs and rocky places at moderate to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron linearisdesert yellow daisy, lineleaf fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron lonchophyllusshort-rayed fleabane, spear-leaved fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Streambanks, bogs, ponds, wet meadows, ditches, gravelly places along roads at middle to high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Erigeron nivalisnorthern daisy
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky soil areas from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Erigeron oreganusGorge fleabane, Oregon fleabane
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Columbia River Gorge in Washington to adjacent Gorge area in Oregon.
Habitat: Moist shady cliffs and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron peregrinuswandering fleabane
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest on the Olympic Peninsula and in the North Cascades; Alaska to Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Low elevation bogs and wetlands, and subalpine and alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. peregrinus – wandering daisy
var. thompsonii – Thompson's wandering fleabane
Erigeron philadelphicusPhiladelphia fleabane
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist, open forests at low to mid-elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
var. glaber – smooth Philadelphia fleabane
var. philadelphicus – Philadelphia fleabane
Erigeron piperianusPiper's fleabane
Distribution: Endemic to Washington, where occurring east of the Cascades crest from north-central to south-central Washington.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often in sandy soil among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron poliospermushairy-seeded daisy, cushion fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to western Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, typically rocky areas, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. cereus – Kittitas fleabane
var. poliospermus – hairy seeded daisy, cushion fleabane
Erigeron pumilusshaggy fleabane
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Open places in the foothills, valleys and plains, often among sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. intermedius – shaggy fleabane
var. pumilus – shaggy fleabane
Erigeron salishiiSalish fleabane, star peak fleabane
Distribution: Ocurring east of the Cascades crest in the North and Central Cascade Mountains in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Cliffs, ridges, ledges and gravelly slopes at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron speciosusshowy daisy, showy fleabane, splendid fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Prairies and forest openings from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Erigeron strigosusbranched fleabane, daisy fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, thickets, forest edge, and other open, disturbed areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
var. septentrionalis – prairie fleabane
var. strigosus – branching fleabane, daisy fleabane
Erigeron subtrinervisthree-veined fleabane
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moderately dry, open places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eriophyllum lanatumOregon sunshine, common woolly sunflower
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky areas at low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. integrifolium – Oregon sunshine
var. lanatum – common woolly sunflower
var. leucophyllum – common woolly sunflower
Eucephalus engelmanniiEngelmann's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Open woods and slopes, from foothills to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eucephalus glaucescensKlickitat aster
Distribution: Endemic to the Mt. Adams area on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington.
Habitat: Forest openings and meadows at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eucephalus ledophyllusCascade aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; northern Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows and open woods, from middle elevations in the mountains to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. ledophyllus – Cascade aster
Eucephalus paucicapitatusOlympic Mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; Vancouver Island, British Columbia to the Olympic Mountains in Washington.
Habitat: Open slopes, from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia conspicuawestern showy aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open woods, from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia integrifoliathickstem aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry meadows, open coniferous forests, and riparian areas from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia meritasubalpine aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Open, mesic or dry, rocky areas in the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia radulinarough-leaved aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, forest edges and openings at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eurybia sibiricaarctic aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territory, Nunavut, Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Rocky outcroppings, open slopes, and meadows in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euthamia graminifoliafragrant goldenrod, grass-leaved goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho; native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Lowland fields, lakeshores, and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Euthamia occidentaliswestern goldenrod, western goldentop
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains of the U.S.
Habitat: Stream and river banks, lake and pond margins, wetlands, and other moist areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Eutrochium maculatumspotted Joe-pye weed
Distribution: Known only from Whatcom County in Washington; southern British Columbia to Washington, east across the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Swamps and other moist, open places, from sea level to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. bruneri – Joepyeweed, Joe-pye weed
Filago arvensisfield cottonrose, field filago
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the northern Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Great Lakes region
Habitat: Dry meadows, fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Filago vulgarisGerman filago
Distribution: Known from lowland northwestern Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Gaillardia aristatablanket flower, great-flowered gaillardia
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. parviflora – small flowered galinsoga, gallant soldier
Galinsoga quadriradiataciliate galinsoga, shaggy galinsoga, quickweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east across southern Canada to central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, gardens, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Central and South America
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Gamochaeta ustulatapurple cudweed, spoon-leaf cudweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, fields, and other disturbed open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Gnaphalium palustrelowland cudweed, western marsh cudweed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Great Plains.
Habitat: Open areas at low elevations where moist at least in spring.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Gnaphalium uliginosummarsh cudweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east across the northern Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Lake and pond margins, ephemeral pools, and other wet areas, sometimes where disturbed, at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Grindelia integrifoliaPuget Sound gumweed, Willamette Valley gumweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington at low elevations; British Columbia to northern California.
Habitat: Salt marshes, rocky shores along the coast, coastal headlands and bluffs, and various non-maritime habitats in the Puget Trough.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-January
Growth Duration: Perennial
Grindelia nanaIdaho gumweed, low gumweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana.
Habitat: Grassland, rocky areas, forest openings, streambanks, and roadsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: January-December
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. discoidea – Columbia gumweed, rayless gumweed
var. nana – low gumweed
Grindelia squarrosacurlycup gumweed, serrate resinweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across southern Canada and most of the United States to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open, often sandy places, at low to middle elevations, often where disturbed.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
var. serrulata – curlycup gumweed, serrate resinweed
Grindelia strictaOegon gumweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Lowland meadows, balds, marshes, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-November
Growth Duration: Perennial
Guizotia abyssinica
Distribution: Eastern portion of Washington; California and scattered areas of central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed sites at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Gutierrezia sarothraekindlingweed, matchweed, broom snakeweed
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington, chiefly in southeastern part of state; Alberta to Manitoba, south to California and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the foothills, valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Helenium autumnalecommon sneezeweed, large flowered sneezeweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Stream banks and other moist, low ground generally at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Helianthella unifloraRocky Mountain helianthella
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon and Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open woods and meadows from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. douglasii – Douglas helianthella, false sunflower
Helianthus annuuscommon sunflower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, wastelots, and other open areas, often where disturbed, at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native and introduced populations in Washington
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Helianthus ciliarisblueweed
Distribution: Known historically from east of the Cascades crest in Yakima County, where presumably eliminated by herbicide treatment due to it being a noxious weed; California, east across the southwestern U.S. to the southern Great Plains and Illinois.
Habitat: Disturbed, open ground in sagebrush.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Helianthus cusickiiCusick's sunflower, turniproot sunflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagebrush, grasslands, dry slopes, and other open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Helianthus nuttalliiNuttall's sunflower
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades: Western and Mid-western United States and adjacent Canada
Habitat: Meadows and other moist places, low to moderate elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. nuttallii – cordilleran sunflower, Nuttall's sunflower
Helianthus petiolarisprairie sunflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from the Great Plains
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
ssp. petiolaris – prairie sunflower
Helianthus tuberosusJerusalem artichoke
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; .Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, native from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hemizonella minimasmallhead tarplant, least tarweed, small-head tarweed, smallhead tarweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in sagebrush, grasslands, and ponderosa pine forest openings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Heterotheca oregonaOregon goldenaster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Sand and gravel bars along rivers, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. oregona – Oregon goldenaster
Heterotheca villosahairy goldaster
Distribution: Widespread in Washington and Oregon, chiefly east of the Cascades; east to Michigan
Habitat: Open, sunny areas, often in sandy soil, low to moderate elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. foliosa – leafy goldenaster
var. minor – hairy goldenaster, hispid goldenaster
var. villosa – hairy goldaster, hairy goldenaster
Hieracium albiflorumwhite hawkweed, white-flowered hawkweed
Distribution: Widely distributed in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada.
Habitat: Open woods from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium aurantiacumorange hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across southern Canada and northern U.S; widely distributed throughout eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium caespitosummeadow hawkweed, yellow king devil
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, east to Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; also occurring throughout eastern North America.
Habitat: Moist pastures, forest openings, roadsides, and springs, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains, usually where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium flagellarewhip hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Idaho; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, dry meadows, railroads, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium ×floribundumflowery hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in lowland western Washington; Washington east to Montana and Wyoming; eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium glomeratumyellow devil hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Open forest, meadows, disturbed ground, roadsides, stream banks, and gravel pits generally at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium lachenaliicommon hawkweed, English hawkweed, European hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northern Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Open forest, fields, shores, wastelots, and other disturbed areas generally at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium longiberbelong-bearded hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to adjacent north-central Oregon; endemic to the Columbia River Gorge.
Habitat: Dry rocky slopes and ledges.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium maculatummottled hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; southwestern British Columbia to western Washington.
Habitat: Lawns, railroads, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Hieracium murorumwall hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to northern Oregon.
Habitat: Roadsides, open forest, railroads, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium pilosellamouse-ear hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon; also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, dry prairies, quarries, lawns, railroads, and other disturbed, open sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium piloselloidestall hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, forest openings, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium sabaudumsavoy hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Washington; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, sandy fields, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium scoulerihound-tongue hawkweed, Scouler's hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Mostly dry places in open woods, from foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium ×stoloniflorumforked hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; no other reports from North America.
Habitat: Lawns, roadsides, ditches, and other disturbed areas, where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium tristealpine hawkweed, slender hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains of Canada and the U.S.
Habitat: Meadows and other open places in the mountains, usually at high elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hieracium umbellatumnarrowleaf hawkweed, umbellate hawkweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to northwestern Oregon, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Moist places in thickets and open woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hulsea nanasmall alpinegold, small hulsea
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington from Mount Rainier south; central Washington to California (not in northeastern Oregon).
Habitat: Generally around volcanic mountains above timberline.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Hymenopappus filifoliusColumbia cut-leaf, fineleaf hymenopappus
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, often sandy places in the foothills and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. filifolius – Columbia cutleaf
Hypochaeris glabrasmooth cat's-ear
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, also from Texas to the northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, rocky balds, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations, often where sandy.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Hypochaeris radicatahairy cat's-ear, rough cat's-ear
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and further east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, grassy balds, prairies, grasslands, lawns, and roadsides.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Inula heleniumelecampane, inula
Distribution: Known in Washington from a single location east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Ionactis stenomeresRocky Mountain ankle-aster, Rocky Mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; southeastern British Columbia to northeastern Washington, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Open hillsides and forest openings, from to fairly high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Iva axillarisdeeproot, poverty weed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Dry, often alkaline places, in the valleys, plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Jacobaea maritimasilver ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; southern British Columbia to northwestern Oregon.
Habitat: Coastal bluffs, roadsides, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Mediterranean region
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Jacobaea vulgaristansy ragwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana; also in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, pastures, forest edges, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Jaumea carnosafleshy jaumea, marsh jaumea
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along coastal waters in Washington; British Columbia to southern California.
Habitat: Tidal flats and marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lactuca biennistall blue lettuce, wild blue lettuce
Distribution: Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Lactuca canadensisCanadian wild lettuce, Florida blue lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest; Yukon Territory to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, disturbed forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca ludovicianaLouisiana lettuce, prairie lettuce, western lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to the Great Lakes region and south-central U.S.
Habitat: Open, disturbed sites, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from central North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Lactuca salignaleast lettuce, willow lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in Washington; Washington to California, east across the southwestern U.S. to the central U.S. and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, roadsides, and meadows.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca sativagarden lettuce
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho; in scattered locations in the central U.S., more commonly distributed in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca serriolaprickly lettuce
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Lactuca tataricablue lettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Meadows, thickets, and other moist places at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. pulchella – blue lettuce
Lactuca virosagreat lettuce, tall lettuce, wild lettuce
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland areas in Washington; also in California, Mississippi, and Maryland.
Habitat: Roadsides, ditches, sidewalks, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Biennial
Lagophylla ramosissimaslender hareleaf, common rabbitleaf
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in sagebrush plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lapsana communiscommon nipplewort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more often west of the crest; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including roadsides, wastelots, fields, and forest edge.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lasthenia glaberrimasmooth goldfields, smooth lasthenia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; southern Washington to central California.
Habitat: Wet or muddy ground at low elevations, including venral pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lasthenia maritimamaritime goldfields, seaside goldfields
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast in Washington; southern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal islands, headlands, and seabird nesting sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Lasthenia minorcoastal goldfields
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington, where known from a single collection in Skagit County; central California.
Habitat: Coastal balds and grasslands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Arpril-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Layia glandulosawhite layia, white daisy tidytips
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from sagebrush desert to low elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Leontodon autumnalisautumn hawkbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Idaho and Montana; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, open fields and other disturbed areas primarily in the lowlands, but also found along roads at alpine elevations in the mountains (e.g., Mt. Baker area).
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leontodon saxatilishairy hawkbit
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, Nevada, and Arizona, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, meadows, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
ssp. saxatilis – lesser hawkbit
Leucanthemum ×superbumShasta daisy
Distribution: Occurring in lowlands in western Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Leucanthemum vulgareoxeye daisy
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas including roadsides, pastures, prairies, grasslands and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Logfia gallicadaggerleaf cottonweed
Distribution: Known from east of the Cascades crest in Washington; central Washington, and Willamette Valley Oregon to California.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Logfia minimalittle cottonrose
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Heaths, sandy soils, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-Sept.
Growth Duration: Annual
Luina hypoleucalittleleaf luina, silverback luina, littleleaf silverback
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open, rocky areas, from moist to somewhat dry, at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Lygodesmia juncearush skeletonplant
Distribution: Known from Spokane County in Washington; southeastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, Idaho and Nevada, east to Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often in sandy soil, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Madia citriodoralemon-scented tarplant, lemon tarweed, lemon-scented tarweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open hillsides and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Madia eleganscommon madia, autumn showy tarweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry, open places, often becoming a roadside weed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Madia exiguathreadstem madia, little tarplant, little tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common east of the crest; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open woods, grasslands, roadsides, and other open areas where often disturbed, from the plains and foothills, occasionally up to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Madia glomeratamountain tarplant, cluster tarweed, mountain tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and across northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in dry, open places from sagebrush plains to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Madia gracilisgrassy tarplant, common tarweed, slender tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from shrub-steppe to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Madia sativaChilean tarplant, coast tarweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Dry, open places at low elevations, often along roadsides or other disturbed sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Matricaria chamomillawild chamomile, scented mayweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east in sporadic occurrences to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Matricaria discoideapineapple weed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, roadsiides, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Micropus californicuscottontop, Q-tips
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; south-central Washington to California.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: Annual
var. californicus – cottontop, Q-tips
Microseris bigeloviicoast microseris, coastal silverpuffs
Distribution: Known historically from west of the Cascades crest in the San Juan Islands in Washington, but now considered extirpated; southwestern British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal sandy soils, dunes, occasionally in rocky areas, coastal islands, headlands, and bluffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Microseris borealisapargidium, bog microseris, northern silverpuffs
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Sphagnum bogs and wet meadows in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Microseris laciniatacut-leaved microseris
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist meadows and drier slopes from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. laciniata – cutleaf microseris, cut leaved scorzonella
ssp. leptosepala – cut-leaved silverpuffs, cutleaf silverpuffs
Microseris nutansnodding microseris, nodding scorzonella, nodding silverpuffs
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Slopes, meadows, flats, and forest openings,often in somewhat moist places, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Mycelis muraliswall lettuce
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; British Columbia to Oregon; also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Nabalus hastatuswestern white lettuce, western
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest and east in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to Alberta, Idaho, and Montana.
Habitat: Streambanks, forest edge, and moist, shaded places from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Nestotus stenophyllusnarrowleaf goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, rocky soil, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Nothocalais alpestrisalpine lake agoseris
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, mostly from Mt. Rainier south; Washington to California.
Habitat: Open slopes and meadows from middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Nothocalais troximoidesweevil prairie dandelion, false agoseris
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from and foothills, especially in lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Perennial
Onopordum acanthiumcotton thistle, Scotch thistle, Scots thistle
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed of dry, open areas and stream banks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
ssp. acanthium – Scotch thistle, cotton thistle, Scots thistle
Oreostemma alpigenumalpine aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, slopes, and rocky areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. alpigenum – alpine aster, tundra mountaincrown
Packera bolanderiBolander's groundsel
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington and in the Columbia River Gorge; southern Washington to California.
Habitat: Moist, rocky woodlands, banks, bluffs, and beaches, from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. harfordii – Harford's groundsel, Harford's ragwort
Packera canawoolly groundsel
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Dry, open, often rocky places, from the foothills to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera conterminadwarf arctic butterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta and Montana.
Habitat: Exposed, rocky places in the alpine to occasionally the subalpine;
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera flettiiFlett's groundsel
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Open, rocky places in the alpine, occasionally at middle elevatins, especially on talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera indecorarayless mountain butterweed, elegant groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to Washington, and also in California, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and in the Great Lakes Region, also east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Damp meadows to stream banks and moist woodlands, from the valleys to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera macouniiPuget butterweed, long-rayed groundsel, Macoun's groundsel, Siskiyou Mountain ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Open woods and dry, open places at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera pauciflorarayless alpine butterweed, rayless alpine groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, disjunct in California and northwest Wyoming, east to Northwest Territory and Alberta, also in eastern Canada.
Habitat: Alpine and subalpine meadows and moist cliffs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera pauperculaCanadian butterweed, balsam groundsel
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington British Columbia to Washington, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and eastern North America.
Habitat: Meadows, moist cilffs and woods, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera porteriPorter's groundsel
Distribution: Reported east of the Cascades crest in Okanogan County in Washington; Washington and Oregon, also occurring in Colorado.
Habitat: Talus slopes in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera pseudaureastreambank butterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and central U.S.
Habitat: Wet meadows, stream banks and moist woodlands from middle elevations to the sublpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. pseudaurea – stream bank butterweed, falsegold groundsel
Packera streptanthifoliaRocky Mountain butterweed, cleftleaf groundsel, Rocky Mountain groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and Sasketchewan.
Habitat: Moist to moderately dry open areas and forest, from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Packera subnudaalpine meadow butterweed, few-leaved groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Wyoming.
Habitat: Wet meadows in the subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September.
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. subnuda – cleftleaf groundsel
Petasites frigidusalpine butterbur, sweet coltsfoot
Distribution: Occurring in forested and mountainous areas throughout Washington; Alaska to California, east across the northern half of North America to the Atlantic Coast; circumboreal.
Habitat: Meadows, swamps, and other wet places, from low elevations to the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. frigidus – alpine butterbur, arctic butterbur, sweet coltsfoot
var. palmatus – western coltsfoot
var. sagittatus – arrowhead sweet coltsfoot, arrowleaf coltsfoot
var. ×vitifolius – hybrid coltsfoot, Wenatchee coltsfoot
Petasites japonicusJapanese sweet coltsfoot
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon.
Habitat: Forest edge, typically where moist and disturbed; generally escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Picris hieracioideshawkweed ox-tongue
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to Washington; also in eastern North America.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Pleiacanthus spinosusthorny skeletonweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known from Yakima County; central Oregon to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open, generally rocky places at lower elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Pseudognaphalium californicumCalifornia cudweed, California everlasting
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern Washington to Baja California, Mexico.
Habitat: Sandy soils, dunes, coastal canyons and chaparral.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Pseudognaphalium luteoalbumweedy cudweed, red-tip rabbit-tobacco, jersey rabbit tobacco
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east across the southern U.S. to Florida, also in New York.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Pseudognaphalium macouniisticky cudweed, winded cudweed, Macoun's rabbit-tobacco, Macoun's rabbit tobacco
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry, open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Pseudognaphalium stramineumcotton batting cudweed
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains of the U.S.; also in scattered states along the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, usually moist places, often in disturbed soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Pseudognaphalium thermaleslender cudweed, northwestern rabbit-tobacco
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Dry, sandy banks and ditches, open woods of ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, and mixed deciduous forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Psilocarphus brevissimusdwarf woolly-marbles
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dried beds of vernal pools.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
var. brevissimus – dwarf woollyheads
Psilocarphus elatiortall woollyheads
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Dried beds of vernal pools and other open, moist places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Psilocarphus oregonusOregon woollyheads
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dried beds of vernal pools, and seasonally wet rocky slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual
Psilocarphus tenellusslender woollyheads
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry or seasonally moist barren or wooded slopes or flats, often on disturbed sites.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-August
Growth Duration: Annual
Pyrrocoma carthamoideslarge-flowered goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada.
Habitat: Open hillsides, meadows and forest openings from the lowlands to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. carthamoides – Columbia goldenweed, rayless goldenweed
var. cusickii – narrowhead goldenweed
Pyrrocoma hirtahairy goldenweed, sticky goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; central Washington, the mountains of northeast Oregon and adjacent Idaho, south to northeast California.
Habitat: Meadows and open or sparsely wooded slopes in the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. sonchifolia – large sticky goldenweed
Pyrrocoma liatriformisPalouse goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho.
Habitat: Grassy hillsides and prairies.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Pyrrocoma scaberulapalouse goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern corner of Washington; southeastern Washington to adjacent Oregon and Idaho.
Habitat: Grasslands and open hillsides at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Rainiera strictafalse silverback
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest from Stevens Pass area south; central Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open hillsides at middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-Septermber
Growth Duration: Perennial
Rhaponticum repenshardheads, creeping knapweed, Russian knapweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed dry slopes, meadows, fields, forest openings, and other disturbed, open places from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from central Asia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Rigiopappus leptocladusbristlehead, false wireweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low elevations; sagebrush and grasslands area
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Rudbeckia alpicolashowy black-eyed Susan, Washington showy black-eyed Susan, Wenatchee Mountain showy black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to the Wenatchee Mountains.
Habitat: Thickets, bogs, and along streams in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Rudbeckia hirtablack-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest; British Columbia to California, east across much of the North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open meadows and disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from further east in North America
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Annual
var. pulcherrima – black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia laciniatagreen-headed black-eyed Susan, tall black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, otherwise Rocky Mountains east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Streambanks and other moist, disturbed places.
Origin: Introduced from further east in North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. ampla – tall black-eyed Susan
Rudbeckia occidentaliswestern black-eyed Susan, western chocolate black-eyed Susan
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist meadows and forest openings at moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Saussurea americanaAmerican sawwort
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east to Alberta, Montana, and Idaho.
Habitat: Meadows and open, often rocky slopes, where moist, at mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Senecio elmeriElmer's ragwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in central and northern Washington; British Columbia to central Washington.
Habitat: Talus slopes and other rocky places in alpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Senecio fremontiidwarf mountain butterweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest and in the Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes at high elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. fremontii – dwarf mountain groundsel
Senecio hydrophiloidessweet marsh butterweed, stout meadow groundsel
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Wet meadows in the mountains and foothills, but not in alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Senecio hydrophilusalkali marsh butterweed, water groundsel, alkali marsh ragwort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Swampy places in the valleys and foothills; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June- September
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Senecio integerrimusone-stemmed butterweed, western groundsel
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where widely distributed; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and Great Lakes region.
Habitat: Meadows and seasonally moist open areas from low elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. exaltatus – one-stemmed butterweed, lambs-tongue groundsel, tall western groundsel
var. ochroleucus – white western groundsel
Senecio lugensblack-tipped groundsel
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Wet meadows, grassy alpine slopes, and rich northern woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Senecio neowebsteriOlympic Mountain ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest, where endemic to the Olympic Mountains of Washington.
Habitat: Talus slopes and rocky places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: Aug.-Sept.
Growth Duration: Perennial
Senecio serratall butterweed, butterweed groundsel
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Meadows and open, moist hillsides, foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. serra – tall butterweed, butterweed groundsel
Senecio sylvaticuswood groundsel, woodland groundsel, woodland ragwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Senecio triangularisarrowleaf groundsel, arrowleaf ragwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Moist places and streambanks from the lowlands to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. triangularis – arrowleaf groundsel, arrowleaf ragwort
Senecio viscosussticky ragwort
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington, east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Senecio vulgariscommon groundsel, old man in the spring
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, waste ground, lawns, and other disturbed, open sites.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: February-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Sericocarpus oregonensisOregon white-topped aster
Distribution: Occurring in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Grasslands, forest openings, and savanna.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. oregonensis – Oregon white-topped aster
Sericocarpus rigidusColumbian white-topped aster, Columbian whitetop aster, rigid white-topped aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland Washington; southern Vancouver Island to southwest Oregon.
Habitat: Prairies and open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Silybum marianummilk-thistle
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across Canada and the southwestern U.S. to eastern North America.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Solidago altissimaGreat Plains goldenrod, late goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Introduced from Alaska to California, otherwise native from Great Plains to Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. altissima – late goldenrod
ssp. gilvocanescens – Great Plains goldenrod, tall goldenrod
Solidago elongataCascade Canada goldenrod, West Coast goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly open areas or thickets at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Solidago lepidawestern Canada goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east across Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Dry to moist areas in meadows and riparian areas, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. lepida – western Canada goldenrod
var. salebrosa – Canada goldenrod, meadow goldenrod, Rocky Mountains Canada goldenrod
Solidago missouriensisMissouri goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; central British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and midwestern U.S.
Habitat: Rather dry, open places, from the valleys and plains to fairly high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Solidago multiradiatanorthern goldenrod, Rocky Mountain goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona, east to the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and midwestern U.S.
Habitat: Mountain meadows and open slopes at high elevations
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Solidago simplexsticky goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Open, slightly moist areas from coastal dunes to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. nana – dwarf goldenrod
var. simplex – sticky goldenrod
Solidago spathulatacoast goldenrod, dune goldenrod
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington; southwestern Washington to California.
Habitat: Coastal sand dunes and headlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Soliva sessilislawn burrweed, common soliva, prickly soliva
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to California, also in south-central and southeastern U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, roadsides, and lawn areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from South America
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: Annual
Sonchus arvensisfield sow-thistle, perennial sow-thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Balds, prairies, forest edge, stream banks, roadsides, fields, and other disturbed open areas generally at low elevations, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. arvensis – corn sow-thistle, field sow-thistle, perennial sow-thistle
ssp. uliginosus – field sow-thistle, marsh sow-thistle, wet ground sow-thistle
Sonchus asperprickly sow-thistle, spiny leaf sow-thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest edge, balds, prairies, roadsides, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Sonchus oleraceuscommon sow-thistle
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Forest edge, balds, prairies, roadsides, ditches, wastelots, and other disturbed open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Stenotus lanuginosuswoolly goldenweed
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho, Montana, and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, dry, often rocky places, from sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings at middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. lanuginosus – woolly goldenweed, woolly stenotus
Stephanomeria exiguasmall wirelettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known from Douglas County; otherwise central Oregon to California, east to Idaho, Colorado, and Texas.
Habitat: Sandy, open sites, often in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
ssp. exigua – skeletonplant, small wirelettuce
Stephanomeria paniculatastiff-branched stephanomeria, stiff-branched wirelettuce
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the plains and foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Stephanomeria tenuifoliawire lettuce, narrowleaf stephanomeria
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, and Texas.
Habitat: Dry, often rocky places, from the foothills and plains to moderate elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum ×amethystinumamethyst aster, hybrid aster
Origin: Introduced
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum ascendensintermountain aster, long-leaved aster, western American aster, western aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, and forest openings, often where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum borealenorthern bog aster, rush aster, slender white aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northeastern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Cold bogs.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum bracteolatumbracted aster, Eaton's aster, Oregon aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.
Habitat: Moist to wet sunny places, wet thickets, along streams and ditches
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum campestrewestern meadow aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado.
Habitat: Dry to moist forest openings, shorelines, and other open areas from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum chilensecommon California aster, Pacific aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Coastal, bluffs, grasslands, open slopes, salt marsh margins, and disturbed ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum ciliatumalkali American aster, rayless alkali aster, rayless annual aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; British Columbia to northern Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist to dry open forest and meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum ×columbianumhybrid aster
Origin: Native
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum ericoidesheath-leaved aster, tufted white prairie aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains, and further east across Canada and most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open, wet or dry places in the valleys and plains; tolerant of alkali.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. pansum – little gray aster, tufted white prairie aster, white heath aster
Symphyotrichum foliaceumalpine leafybract aster, Canby's leafybract aster, Cusick's American aster, Cusick's aster, Henderson's aster, Kootenai aster, leafy aster, leafy-bracted aster, Parry's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open, usually moist areas, low to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum frondosumalkali aster, short rayed aster, short-rayed alkali aster
Distribution: British Columbia to California, esat to Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Moist, usually saline soil, often along the shores of lakes and ponds, or in vernally moist, alkaline bottoms.
Origin: Native
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Annual, Perennial
Symphyotrichum halliiHall's aster
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry, open places in the valleys and plains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum jessicaeJessica's aster, Palouse aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington to adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Streambanks and open places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum laeveGeyer's aster, smooth aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; Yukon Territory to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open places in the plains and valleys to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. geyeri – Geyer's smooth aster
Symphyotrichum lanceolatummarsh aster, western willow aster
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist meadows, sometimes where saline, shores, and open forest at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. hesperium – lance-leaved aster, panicled aster, white panicled aster
Symphyotrichum novae-angliaeNew England aster
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon, east to the Rocky Mountains; native from central North America east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and disturbed areas where somewhat moist.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum novi-belgiiNew York aster
Habitat: Pond and lake margins at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum pilosumhairy aster
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Washington, otherwise native from the U.S. Great Plains east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: River cobbles, gravel, disturbed ground, and railroads.
Origin: Introduced from central and eastern North America
Flowers: August-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
var. pilosum – hairy aster
Symphyotrichum spathulatumwestern aster, western mountain aster
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Meadows and forest openings, from middle elevations to the subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Symphyotrichum subspicatumDouglas' aster, Douglas's aster
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Alberta, Montana and Idaho.
Habitat: Moist woods, streambanks and seashores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum balsamitacostmary
Distribution: Occurring scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and other waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: August-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum bipinnatumcamphor tansy, dune tansy
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest along the coast of Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to the Great Lakes region and northeastern North America.
Habitat: Sand dunes along the coast.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum partheniumfeatherfew, feverfew
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, wastelots, and other distrubed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-November
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tanacetum vulgarecommon tansy
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, shorelines, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum alaskanumdwarf alpine dandelion
Distribution: Occuring only in North Cascades in Washington; Alaska to Washington, also in Russian Far East.
Habitat: Rocky, exposed areas in alpine habitatas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum ceratophorumhorned dandelion
Distribution: Occurring in mountainous areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Northwest Territory to Washington, east to Rocky Mountains; east across Canada to Greenland.
Habitat: Rocky, open areas in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum erythrospermumred-seeded dandelion
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across much of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, prairies, and other open areas, typically where some level of disturbance present.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum officinalecommon dandelion
Distribution: Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Common in disturbed areas, fields, lawns, from the coast to the alpine.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-October
Growth Duration: Perennial
Taraxacum scopulorumalpine dandelion
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington, where known only from Whatcom County; British Columbia to Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado,
Habitat: Rocky sites in the alpine.
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tetradymia canescensgray horsebrush, spineless horsebrush
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Dry, open places in sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tonestus lyalliiLyall's goldenweed, Lyall's serpentweed
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Mountain meadows and rocky slopes, subalpine and alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: Perennial
Townsendia floriferashowy Townsend daisy, showy townsendia
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Dry-open places in the plains and foothills, often with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Tragopogon dubiusyellow salsify
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, wastelots, overgrazed areas, and other disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: Annual, Biennial
Tragopogon floccosuswoolly goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington, where known only from Whitman County. eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, fields, roadsides.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Tragopogon mirusremarkable goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in south-central and eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent western Idaho, also occurring in Arizona.
Habitat: Dry, open areas in the foothills.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tragopogon miscellushybrid goatsbeard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in eastern Washington; eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Wyoming, and Arizona.
Habitat: Fields, roadsides, and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tragopogon porrifoliusoyster plant, purple salsify
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tragopogon pratensisJack-go-to-bed-at-noon, meadow salsify
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields and waste places, usually in slightly moist areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: Biennial
Tripleurospermum inodorumfalse chamomile, false mayweed, scentless mayweed
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Noxious weed in fields and waste ground in eastern Washington.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: Annual
Tussilago farfaracoltsfoot
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Washington; also from the Great Lakes region east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, lawns, wastelots, and disturbed forest understory ta low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Perennial
Uropappus lindleyiLindley's false silverpuffs
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas.
Habitat: Open hillsides and forest openings, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: Annual
Wyethia amplexicaulisnorthern mule's ears, smooth dwarf sunflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Seasonally moist areas in sagebrush-steppe, to open areas at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Wyethia angustifolianarrowleaf mule's ears, narrowleaf wyethia
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in southwestern Washington, and east in the Columbia River Gorge; Washington to California.
Habitat: Meadows and moist, open hillsides at low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: Perennial
Xanthium spinosumspiny clotbur, spiny cocklebur
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Fields, damp or seasonally wet, alkaline soils, wastelots and other disturbed, open areas.
Origin: Introduced from South America (although treated as native in CA by Jeps. Man.)
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual
Xanthium strumariumCanada cocklebur, common cocklebur
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast
Habitat: Wet meadows, shorelines, and disturbed open areas where moist.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-October
Growth Duration: Annual