Brassicaceae
Mustard Family
Synonyms:
Cruciferae [HC]
57 genera
177 species
20 subspecies and varieties
177 species
20 subspecies and varieties
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Index to genera:
Alliaria, Alyssum, Arabidopsis, Arabis, Armoracia, Athysanus, Aubrieta, Barbarea, Berteroa, Boechera, Brassica, Cakile, Camelina, Capsella, Cardamine, Caulanthus, Chorispora, Cochlearia, Conringia, Cusickiella, Descurainia, Diplotaxis, Draba, Eruca, Erucastrum, Erysimum, Euclidium, Hesperis, Hirschfeldia, Hornungia, Idahoa, Isatis, Lepidium, Lobularia, Lunaria, Matthiola, Microthlaspi, Nasturtium, Neslia, Noccaea, Phoenicaulis, Physaria, Polyctenium, Raphanus, Rorippa, Sandbergia, Sinapis, Sisymbrium, Smelowskia, Streptanthella, Strigosella, Subularia, Teesdalia, Thelypodium, Thlaspi, Thysanocarpus, TurritisAlliaria petiolata – garlic mustard
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in Utah, widespread from central Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed forest understory, often where moist, at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; British Columbia to Oregon, also in Utah, widespread from central Great Plains to eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed forest understory, often where moist, at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Alyssum alyssoides – small alyssum, pale madwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, sagebrush flats, roadsides, fields, and disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Meadows, forest openings, sagebrush flats, roadsides, fields, and disturbed open areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Alyssum desertorum – desert alyssum
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout central and western North America.
Habitat: Dry, open ground, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout central and western North America.
Habitat: Dry, open ground, often where disturbed.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Arabidopsis kamchatica – lyreleaved cress, kamchatka rockcress, lyre-leaved rockcress, western rockcress
Distribution: Occurring only in northwestern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territory and Sasketchewan.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine scree and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Distribution: Occurring only in northwestern Washington; Alaska to Washington, east to Northwest Territory and Sasketchewan.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine scree and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Arabidopsis thaliana – mouse-ear cress, thalecress
Distribution: Widely distributed througout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, particularly near cities and towns.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Widely distributed througout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, particularly near cities and towns.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: annual
Arabis caucasica – mountain rockcress
Distribution: Known only from San Juan County in Washington; Yukon Territory to northwestern Washington.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas at low elevation, often near where cultivated.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Distribution: Known only from San Juan County in Washington; Yukon Territory to northwestern Washington.
Habitat: Open, disturbed areas at low elevation, often near where cultivated.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: May-June
Arabis crucisetosa – crosshaired rockcress
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern corner of Washington; Snake River canyon, Asotin County, Washington, east to west-central Idaho.
Habitat: Wet banks to moist soil or coniferous woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the southeastern corner of Washington; Snake River canyon, Asotin County, Washington, east to west-central Idaho.
Habitat: Wet banks to moist soil or coniferous woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Arabis eschscholtziana – hairy rockcress, Pacific coast rockcress
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open areas, often in waste places, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the northern Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open areas, often in waste places, from sea level to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Arabis furcata – Cascade rockcress, Columbia Gorge rockcress, fork-haired rockcress
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to Oregon.
Habitat: Open slopes, meadows, and ridgelines in alpine and subalpine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Arabis nuttallii – Nuttall's rockcress
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; eastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Moist flats, often sheltered by shrubs, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; eastern British Columbia to eastern Washington, east to Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: Moist flats, often sheltered by shrubs, from the foothills to middle elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Armoracia rusticana – horseradish
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in eastern portion of Washington; British Columbia south to California, east across the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations in eastern portion of Washington; British Columbia south to California, east across the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Athysanus pusillus – sandweed
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, often grassy places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Dry, open, often grassy places.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Barbarea orthoceras – American wintercress rocket, yellow rocket
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska to the mountains of California, east though the Rockies to the New England states.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks and moist woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; Alaska to the mountains of California, east though the Rockies to the New England states.
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks and moist woods, low to mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Barbarea verna – Belle Isle cress, landcress, early yellow rocket, scurvygrass, early wintercress
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April - July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April - July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Barbarea vulgaris – yellow rocket, bitter wintercress
Distribution: Chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington, with scattered locations east of the Cascades; distributed throughout much of the United States.
Habitat: Garden escape, found chiefly in wet places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: biennial
Distribution: Chiefly west of the Cascades in Washington, with scattered locations east of the Cascades; distributed throughout much of the United States.
Habitat: Garden escape, found chiefly in wet places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: biennial
Berteroa incana – hoary alyssum
Distribution: In scattered locations east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Uncommon in dry, waste places in most of the Pacific Northwest; common in northeast Washington.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: In scattered locations east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Uncommon in dry, waste places in most of the Pacific Northwest; common in northeast Washington.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Boechera atrorubens – dark-red-flowered rockcress
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings and meadows, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central Washington; Washington to north-central Oregon.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert to ponderosa pine forest openings and meadows, from low to middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Boechera cusickii – Cusick's rockcress
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; east-central Washington south to Nevada, east to central Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush flats to open Ponderosa pine forests, often on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; east-central Washington south to Nevada, east to central Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush flats to open Ponderosa pine forests, often on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Boechera divaricarpa – spreadingpod rockcress
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, and in the Olympic Mountains; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: From middle elevations to subalpine areas in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, and in the Olympic Mountains; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: From middle elevations to subalpine areas in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Boechera lemmonii – Lemmon's rockcress
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and East Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, ridges and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and East Cascades in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Alpine meadows, ridges and talus slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Boechera lyallii – Lyall's rockcress, murry's rockcress
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine ridges, cliffs, and drier meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine ridges, cliffs, and drier meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Boechera microphylla – littleleaf rockcress, small-leaved rockcress
Distribution: Occurring in Washington east of the Cacades crest; British Columbia south to eastern Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Low montane to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in Washington east of the Cacades crest; British Columbia south to eastern Oregon, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Low montane to subalpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Boechera paddoensis – Mt. Adams rockcress
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Mt. Adams area; Washington south to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Alpine slopes and talus.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in the Mt. Adams area; Washington south to northeastern Oregon.
Habitat: Alpine slopes and talus.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Boechera pauciflora – Columbia rockcress, few-flowered rockcress, small-flowered rockcress
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine country.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and Utah.
Habitat: Sagebrush and ponderosa pine country.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Boechera pendulocarpa – danglepod rockcress
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory south to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: From sagebrush and ponderosa pine slopes to well up in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Yukon Territory south to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah.
Habitat: From sagebrush and ponderosa pine slopes to well up in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Boechera retrofracta
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east across Canada to Ontario.
Habitat: Sagebrush-steppe to forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east across Canada to Ontario.
Habitat: Sagebrush-steppe to forest openings at middle elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Boechera sparsiflora – elegant rockcress, slender rockcress
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: From sagebrush plains to forest openings and meadows at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: From sagebrush plains to forest openings and meadows at moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Boechera stricta – Canadian rockcress, Drummond's rockcress
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east along the northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open areas in the forest at mid-elevations to sub-alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, and east along the northern U.S. and southern Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Open areas in the forest at mid-elevations to sub-alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Boechera suffrutescens – woody rockcress
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to central Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky slopes and dry ridges in ponderosa pine forest openings and sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in central and southeastern Washington; central Washington to California, east to central Idaho.
Habitat: Rocky slopes and dry ridges in ponderosa pine forest openings and sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Brassica juncea – Chinese, Indian, brown mustard, leaf mustard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual
Brassica napus – rape, winter rape, rapeseed
Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Known from only a few scattered locations in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Brassica nigra – black mustard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Distrubed areas such as roadsides, fields, and waste lots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Distrubed areas such as roadsides, fields, and waste lots.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual
Brassica oleracea – cabbage, wild cabbage
Distribution: Known only from San Juan County in Washington; Washington and California; more commonly found in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Known only from San Juan County in Washington; Washington and California; more commonly found in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and wastelots, where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Brassica rapa – common mustard, field mustard, wild turnip
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-Septemeber
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-Septemeber
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Cakile edentula – American sea-rocket
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal counties in Washington; Alaska to California along the coast, native to the Great Lakes region and coastal eastern North America.
Habitat: Along marine water shorelines in sand or gravel.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal counties in Washington; Alaska to California along the coast, native to the Great Lakes region and coastal eastern North America.
Habitat: Along marine water shorelines in sand or gravel.
Origin: Introduced from eastern North America
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
• var. edentula – American sea-rocket
Cakile maritima – European sea-rocket
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia to California along the coast, also along the Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Along marine water shorelines in sand or gravel.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in coastal counties in Washington; British Columbia to California along the coast, also along the Chesapeake Bay on the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Along marine water shorelines in sand or gravel.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
• ssp. maritima – European sea-rocket
Camelina microcarpa – hairy false flax, littlepod false flax
Distribution: East of the Cascades and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; widely distributed throughout nearly all of North America.
Habitat: Weed of dry places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; widely distributed throughout nearly all of North America.
Habitat: Weed of dry places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Capsella bursa-pastoris – shepherd's-purse
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Weed of disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Weed of disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: annual
Cardamine angulata – angled bittercress, seaside bittercress
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Wet ground, especially along stream banks, often in deep woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to northern California.
Habitat: Wet ground, especially along stream banks, often in deep woods.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine bellidifolia – alpine bittercress
Distribution: Occurring In the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to far northeastern North America
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring In the Olympics and Cascades mountains in Washington; Alaska to California, east across Canada to far northeastern North America
Habitat: Subalpine to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine breweri – Brewer's bittercress, round bittercress
Distribution: Distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains from Montana south to Colorado.
Habitat: Stream margins, wet meadows, pond shores, and other riparian areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains from Montana south to Colorado.
Habitat: Stream margins, wet meadows, pond shores, and other riparian areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine cordifolia – heart-leaved bittercress, large mountain bittercress, Lyall's bittercress
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades, but not the Olympic Mountains, in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Mountain stream banks to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades, but not the Olympic Mountains, in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Mountain stream banks to subalpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine flexuosa – wavy bittercress
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, often where moist or shaded.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground, often where moist or shaded.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-September
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Cardamine hirsuta – hairy bittercress, shotweed
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana, and throughout much of eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Montana, and throughout much of eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed ground at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Cardamine nuttallii – beautiful bittercres, Nuttall's toothwort, slender toothwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Seasonally moist soils of forest openings to forest understory, from low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.
Habitat: Seasonally moist soils of forest openings to forest understory, from low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine occidentalis – western bittercress
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Muddy ground, lake margins, shallow streams, and wet meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California.
Habitat: Muddy ground, lake margins, shallow streams, and wet meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine oligosperma – few-seeded bittercress, little western bittercress
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Widespread, but mostly in seasonally wet, open or forested areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but more common west of the crest; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Widespread, but mostly in seasonally wet, open or forested areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Cardamine pensylvanica – Pennsylvania bittercress, quaker bittercress
Distribution: Widespread on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east through the Rockies to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist to wet soils, or on the margins of wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Widespread on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east through the Rockies to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Moist to wet soils, or on the margins of wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Cardamine pratensis – cuckooflower
Distribution: Currently known only from King County in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon; more commonly found in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including lawns and forest edges of urban and suburban areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Currently known only from King County in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to Oregon; more commonly found in northeastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including lawns and forest edges of urban and suburban areas.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Cardamine umbellata – Siberian bittercress, umbellate bittercress
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Subalpine or alpine cliffs, talus slopes, and wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in northern Washington; Alaska to northern Washington, east to Alberta.
Habitat: Subalpine or alpine cliffs, talus slopes, and wet areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Caulanthus lasiophyllus – wild cabbage, California mustard
Distribution: Reported from Washington; Washington to Baja California, Mexico, east to Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Sandy banks, gravelly or rocky areas, often where disturbed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Distribution: Reported from Washington; Washington to Baja California, Mexico, east to Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Habitat: Sandy banks, gravelly or rocky areas, often where disturbed.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Chorispora tenella – crossflower, blue mustard
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of western and central North America.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe habitat, both degraded and intact; disturbed areas, roadsides, and pastures.
Origin: Introduced from sw Asia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of western and central North America.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe habitat, both degraded and intact; disturbed areas, roadsides, and pastures.
Origin: Introduced from sw Asia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Conringia orientalis – hare's-ear mustard, treacle mustard
Distribution: In scattered locations across Washington; distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: In scattered locations across Washington; distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Roadsides and waste places.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual
Cusickiella douglasii – alkali false whitlow-grass, Douglas' whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring in the south-central area of Washington along the Oregon border; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky ridges of the sagebrush desert, up into the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the south-central area of Washington along the Oregon border; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky ridges of the sagebrush desert, up into the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Descurainia incisa
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon and Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains from Montana to Arizona, but not New Mexico.
Habitat: Moderately dry forest openings and sagebrush steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon and Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains from Montana to Arizona, but not New Mexico.
Habitat: Moderately dry forest openings and sagebrush steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
• ssp. incisa – cut-leaved tansymustard
Descurainia longepedicellata – mountain tansymustard, narrow tansymustard, sticky tansymustard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon and Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains from Montana to Arizona, but not New Mexico.
Habitat: Moderately dry forest openings and sagebrush steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon and Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains from Montana to Arizona, but not New Mexico.
Habitat: Moderately dry forest openings and sagebrush steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Descurainia nelsonii – Nelson's tansymustard, sagebrush tansymustard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagrebrush-steppe to open montane forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada.
Habitat: Sagrebrush-steppe to open montane forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Descurainia pinnata – western tansymustard
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but chiefly to the east; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: Weedy native of fairly dry, open ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington, but chiefly to the east; widely distributed throughout most of North America.
Habitat: Weedy native of fairly dry, open ground.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: annual
• ssp. brachycarpa – shortpod tansymustard, western tansymustard
Descurainia sophia – flixweed
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; introduced in most of the United States and Canada
Habitat: Weed of dry waste ground and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; introduced in most of the United States and Canada
Habitat: Weed of dry waste ground and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Draba albertina – Alaska draba, slender whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring in the the Olympics and Cascades Mountains in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: From subalpine meadows and forest openings to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the the Olympics and Cascades Mountains in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: From subalpine meadows and forest openings to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Draba aurea – golden draba whitlow-grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba aureola – alpine whitlow-grass, great alpine whitlow-grass, Mt. Lassen draba whitlow-grass
Distribution: Currently only known only from the Mt. Rainier area in Washington; Washington south to northern California
Habitat: Alpine areas, including scree and moraine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Currently only known only from the Mt. Rainier area in Washington; Washington south to northern California
Habitat: Alpine areas, including scree and moraine areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Draba cana – lance-leaved draba
Distribution: Reported from northern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: On open knolls or dry meadows to rock crevices, from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Distribution: Reported from northern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and northeastern North America.
Habitat: On open knolls or dry meadows to rock crevices, from subalpine to alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Draba crassifolia – Rocky Mountain draba, thick-leaved draba, snowbed whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and North Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to Washington, Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains; east across northern Canada to Greenland; northern Europe.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine meadows, often in rock crevices and outcroppings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympic Mountains and North Cascades in Washington; Alaska south to Washington, Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains; east across northern Canada to Greenland; northern Europe.
Habitat: Subalpine and alpine meadows, often in rock crevices and outcroppings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Draba densifolia – Nuttall's draba, dense-leaf whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Alberta, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky places from mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east to Alberta, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and Utah.
Habitat: Open, rocky places from mid- to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba incerta – whitlow-wort, Yellowstone draba whitlow-wort
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia and Alberta south to Washington, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Alpine and subalpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Cascades and Olympic Mountains in Washington; British Columbia and Alberta south to Washington, east to Montana and Wyoming.
Habitat: Alpine and subalpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba lonchocarpa – lancefruit draba, lancefruit draba whitlow-wort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Northwest Territories, south in Rocky mountains to Colorado.
Habitat: Alpine slopes, talus, and rocky outcroppings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Northwest Territories, south in Rocky mountains to Colorado.
Habitat: Alpine slopes, talus, and rocky outcroppings.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba nemorosa – woods draba, woodland whitlow-grass
Distribution: In scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east across the northern half of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed open areas and forest edges at low moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: In scattered locations on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to California, east across the northern half of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed open areas and forest edges at low moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Draba novolympica – Payson's draba, Payson's whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains of Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open slopes, talus ridges, and other exposed areas in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the Olympics and Cascades mountains of Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Open slopes, talus ridges, and other exposed areas in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba oligosperma – few-seeded draba whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Colorado.
Habitat: From sagebrush plains to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to Colorado.
Habitat: From sagebrush plains to alpine slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba platycarpa – broad-pod whitlow-grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: March - June
Growth Duration: annual
Origin: Native
Flowers: March - June
Growth Duration: annual
Draba praealta – draba, tall whitlow-grass draba
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Draba ruaxes – coast mountain whitlow-grass draba
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: July - August
Growth Duration: perennial
Draba stenoloba – Alaska whitlow-grass
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Draba taylorii – Taylor's draba, Taylor's whitlow-grass
Distribution: Occurring along and east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Rock crevices, ledges, and benches in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Distribution: Occurring along and east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to Washington.
Habitat: Rock crevices, ledges, and benches in the alpine.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Draba verna – spring whitlow-grass
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and open disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: February-May
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America; circumboreal.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and open disturbed areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: February-May
Growth Duration: annual
Eruca vesicaria
Distribution: Introduced sparingly in the United States, mostly in California on the west coast; in Klickitat County and possibly a few other places in Washington.
Habitat: Grain fields and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Introduced sparingly in the United States, mostly in California on the west coast; in Klickitat County and possibly a few other places in Washington.
Habitat: Grain fields and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May - June
Growth Duration: annual
• ssp. sativa – garden rocket
Erucastrum gallicum – dog mustard, hairy rocket
Distribution: Weedy introduction from central Europe, fairly common in eastern United States; found in a few scattered locations in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Waste areas and disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Weedy introduction from central Europe, fairly common in eastern United States; found in a few scattered locations in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Waste areas and disturbed soil.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Erysimum arenicola – sand-dwelling wallflower
Distribution: In the Olympics, Cascades, and Blue mountains of Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon.
Habitat: Open ridges and rock crevices, moderate to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: In the Olympics, Cascades, and Blue mountains of Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon.
Habitat: Open ridges and rock crevices, moderate to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Erysimum capitatum – sanddune wallflower
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the southern Great Plains, and the midwestern and mid-Atlantic U.S.
Habitat: Often in sandy soil, from sagebrush desert plains to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the southern Great Plains, and the midwestern and mid-Atlantic U.S.
Habitat: Often in sandy soil, from sagebrush desert plains to alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
• var. capitatum – prairie rocket, rough wallflower
Erysimum cheiranthoides – treacle mustard, wormseed wallflower
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides and wastelots, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: annual
Erysimum cheiri – Aegean wallflower
Distribution: West of the Cascades in Washington; scattered locations in western and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: West of the Cascades in Washington; scattered locations in western and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Erysimum inconspicuum – prairie rocket, small-flowered rocket, small-flowered rocket rocket, small wallflower
Distribution: Known from the northeast region in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Rock outcroppings and roadsides where calcareous, also tolerant of alkaline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Known from the northeast region in Washington; Alaska south to Oregon and Nevada, east across much of the U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Rock outcroppings and roadsides where calcareous, also tolerant of alkaline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Erysimum occidentale – pale wallflower, western wallflower
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Nevada, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush hills and valleys.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to Nevada, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Sagebrush hills and valleys.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Erysimum repandum – spreading wallflower
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Wasteland in dry areas, plains and lower mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Wasteland in dry areas, plains and lower mountains.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Euclidium syriacum – euclidium, Syrian mustard
Distribution: In scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado; also in Massachusetts.
Habitat: Weed of roadsides and ditch banks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: In scattered locations east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado; also in Massachusetts.
Habitat: Weed of roadsides and ditch banks.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Hesperis matronalis – mother-of-the-evening, dame's rocket
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, disturbed forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, disturbed forest edge, wastelots, and other disturbed areas where escaping from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Hirschfeldia incana – Mediterranean hoary mustard, short-podded mustard, summer mustard
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Nevada.
Habitat: Disturbed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced
Flowers: June-September
Hornungia procumbens – hutchinsia, prostrate hutchinsia, ovalpurse
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, central Canada, and Newfoundland.
Habitat: Open areas where seasonally moist.
Origin: Native?
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains, central Canada, and Newfoundland.
Habitat: Open areas where seasonally moist.
Origin: Native?
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Idahoa scapigera – flatpod, scalepod
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington sout to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, especially with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: East of the Cascades in Washington; Washington sout to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, especially with sagebrush.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: annual
Isatis tinctoria – Dyer's woad
Distribution: Known only from scattered locations in central Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also occurring in parts of central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed dry ground, pastures, and roadsides, where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Known only from scattered locations in central Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to the Rocky Mountains; also occurring in parts of central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed dry ground, pastures, and roadsides, where often escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Lepidium appelianum – globepodded hoarycress, whitetop
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout many areas in Washington, though more common east of the Cascades crest; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed soil, waste areas, in dry and moist places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout many areas in Washington, though more common east of the Cascades crest; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed soil, waste areas, in dry and moist places.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Lepidium campestre – field cress, field peppergrass pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, river and stream banks, wastelots, and other distrubed open, often dry soils.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east across most of North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, river and stream banks, wastelots, and other distrubed open, often dry soils.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Lepidium chalepense – chalapa hoarycress, lens-podded hoarycress, Asian white-top
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, especially where dry, often associated with agriculture.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, especially where dry, often associated with agriculture.
Origin: Introduced from Asia
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Lepidium densiflorum – common peppergrass, elongate peppergrass, hairy-fruited peppergrass, large-fruited peppergrass, prairie peppergrass
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Dry, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Dry, open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Lepidium dictyotum – alkali peppergrass, veiny peppergrass
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Open areas often where seasonally moist, such as vernal ponds; tolerant of alkaline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.
Habitat: Open areas often where seasonally moist, such as vernal ponds; tolerant of alkaline soils.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: annual
Lepidium didymum – lesser swinecress, lesser wartcress
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California and Arizona, and Texas eastward and northward to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, gardens and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from South America (or possibly Eurasia)
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to California and Arizona, and Texas eastward and northward to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, gardens and wasteland.
Origin: Introduced from South America (or possibly Eurasia)
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Lepidium draba – heart-podded hoarycress, hoary pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Widespread weed in lowlands.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Widespread weed in lowlands.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Lepidium heterophyllum – purple-anther pepperweed, Smith's pepperweed
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in scattered locations in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, wastelots, and other disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest and in the Columbia River Gorge in Washington; British Columbia to California, also in scattered locations in the eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, meadows, pastures, wastelots, and other disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Lepidium latifolium – dittander, broad-leaved peppergrass, broad-leaved pepperwort
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, moist areas, irrigated land, stream banks, and drier upland areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to the Great Plains and eastern North America.
Habitat: Disturbed, moist areas, irrigated land, stream banks, and drier upland areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Lepidium nitidum – shining peppergrass
Distribution: Known from Klickitat County in Washington; Washington south to California.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Known from Klickitat County in Washington; Washington south to California.
Habitat: Dry, open areas at low elevation.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-April
Growth Duration: annual
Lepidium oxycarpum – forked pepperwort, sharpfruited pepperwort
Distribution: Chiefly in south-central California, rare in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Usually on saline soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March - May
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Chiefly in south-central California, rare in the Pacific Northwest.
Habitat: Usually on saline soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March - May
Growth Duration: annual
Lepidium perfoliatum – clasping-leaved peppergrass, round-leaved peppergrass, yellow-flowered peppergrass, clasping peppergrass pepperwort
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, such as overgrazed land and waste areas, usually where dry.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Disturbed areas, such as overgrazed land and waste areas, usually where dry.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Lepidium ramosissimum – branched peppergrass, dull peppergrass
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of western and northern North America.
Habitat: Sagebrush, ponderosa pine forest openings, roadsides, fields, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of western and northern North America.
Habitat: Sagebrush, ponderosa pine forest openings, roadsides, fields, and other disturbed open areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Lepidium sativum – garden cress pepperwort
Origin: Introduced from western Asia
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: annual
Origin: Introduced from western Asia
Flowers: April - June
Growth Duration: annual
Lepidium virginicum – tall pepperweed
Distribution: Throughout the United States, north to Alaska
Habitat: Weedy native of the lowlands
Origin: Native
Flowers: March - June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Throughout the United States, north to Alaska
Habitat: Weedy native of the lowlands
Origin: Native
Flowers: March - June
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
• ssp. menziesii – coastal peppergrass, hairy peppergrass, Idaho peppergrass, Menzies' peppergrass, tall peppergrass, tall western peppergrass
Lobularia maritima – sweet alison, sweet alyssum
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; British Columbia south to Texas; also occurring throughout central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation to roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed areas, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from the western Mediterranean
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations across Washington; British Columbia south to Texas; also occurring throughout central and eastern North America.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation to roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed areas, often where moist.
Origin: Introduced from the western Mediterranean
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Lunaria annua – honesty, money plant
Distribution: Distributed in scattered locations across Washington; British Columbia south to California and Utah; also distributed throughout eastern North America.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation to urban forests, roadsides, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from southeast Europe
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Distributed in scattered locations across Washington; British Columbia south to California and Utah; also distributed throughout eastern North America.
Habitat: Escaping from cultivation to urban forests, roadsides, and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from southeast Europe
Flowers: March-June
Growth Duration: annual
Matthiola incana – hoary stock
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; also known from California and Texas.
Habitat: Roadsides, sandy cliffs, beaches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations west of the Cascades crest in lowland western Washington; also known from California and Texas.
Habitat: Roadsides, sandy cliffs, beaches, wastelots, and other disturbed, open areas where escaped from cultivation.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-July
Microthlaspi perfoliatum – perfoliate pennycress
Distribution: Only found along eastern border in Washington; central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, and other open, disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Only found along eastern border in Washington; central and eastern U.S.
Habitat: Roadsides, pastures, and other open, disturbed ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-May
Growth Duration: annual
Nasturtium officinale – watercress
Distribution: Distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Riparian zones and other wet areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Distributed on both sides of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Riparian zones and other wet areas.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Neslia paniculata – ball mustard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Ocean.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and forest openings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska south to Washington, east across Canada and the northern U.S. to the Atlantic Ocean.
Habitat: Disturbed areas including fields, roadsides, and forest openings.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Noccaea fendleri – wild candytuft, Fendler's pennycress
Distribution: Occurring in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and New Mexico.
Habitat: Common in open, rocky areas at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in the mountains throughout Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Montana and New Mexico.
Habitat: Common in open, rocky areas at mid-elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
• ssp. glauca – wild candytuft
Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides – daggerpod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe and open ponderosa pine forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe and open ponderosa pine forests.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Physaria alpestris – alpine twinpod, Washington twinpod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to Chelan, Kittitas and Yakima counties.
Habitat: Open rocky areas, scree and talus slopes, middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington, where endemic to Chelan, Kittitas and Yakima counties.
Habitat: Open rocky areas, scree and talus slopes, middle to high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Physaria didymocarpa – common twinpod
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - August
Growth Duration: perennial
• ssp. didymocarpa – common twinpod
Physaria douglasii – Columbia bladderpod, Douglas' bladderpod
Distribution: British Columbia to northern Oregon, east to Idaho; chiefly near the Columbia and Snake Rivers
Habitat: Common in sagebrush desert, especially near or in juniper or ponderosa pine woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: British Columbia to northern Oregon, east to Idaho; chiefly near the Columbia and Snake Rivers
Habitat: Common in sagebrush desert, especially near or in juniper or ponderosa pine woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: March-July
Growth Duration: perennial
• ssp. douglasii – Douglas's bladderpod
• ssp. tuplashensis – white bluffs bladderpod, White Bluffs bladderpod
Physaria geyeri – Geyer's twinpod
Distribution: Occurring in eastern portion of Washington; Washington east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Gravelly stream banks and hillsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in eastern portion of Washington; Washington east to Idaho and Montana.
Habitat: Gravelly stream banks and hillsides.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: perennial
• ssp. geyeri – double bladderpod, Geyer's twinpod bladderpod, Geyer's twinpod
Physaria occidentalis – western bladderpod
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Open, rocky slopes at low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
• ssp. occidentalis – western bladderpod
Physaria oregona – Oregon twinpod
Distribution: Occurring in southeastern corner of Washington; Washington east to Idaho, south to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry areas including rocky slopes, gravel banks, and stream shores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in southeastern corner of Washington; Washington east to Idaho, south to Oregon.
Habitat: Dry areas including rocky slopes, gravel banks, and stream shores.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Polyctenium fremontii – combleaf
Distribution: Known only from Grant County in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Open areas in sagebrush-steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Known only from Grant County in Washington; Washington south to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Open areas in sagebrush-steppe.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: perennial
Raphanus raphanistrum – jointed charlock, wild radish
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other distrubed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced, probably from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides, fields, ditches, wastelots, and other distrubed, open areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced, probably from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-October
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Raphanus sativus – garden radish
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste places.
Origin: Introduced, probably from Mediterranean Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste places.
Origin: Introduced, probably from Mediterranean Europe
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Rorippa austriaca – Austrian yellowcress field-cress
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; Alberta south to California, east to coastal U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; Alberta south to California, east to coastal U.S.
Habitat: Disturbed areas and waste ground.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Rorippa columbiae – Columbia yellowcress cress
Distribution: In the south-central counties of Washington; Washington south to California.
Habitat: Moist, sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: In the south-central counties of Washington; Washington south to California.
Habitat: Moist, sandy soil.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Rorippa curvipes – blunt-leaved yellowcress, truncate yellowcress
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout western and central North America.
Habitat: Wet areas including streambanks, lake shores, wet meadows, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Distribution: Occurring chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; widely distributed throughout western and central North America.
Habitat: Wet areas including streambanks, lake shores, wet meadows, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: annual, perennial
Rorippa curvisiliqua – western yellowcress
Distribution: British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Nevada
Habitat: Stream banks and moist soil, low to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - September
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Nevada
Habitat: Stream banks and moist soil, low to mid-elevations in the mountains
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - September
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Rorippa palustris – hispid yellowcress, marsh yellowcress
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; common throughout North America.
Habitat: Wet ground and low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; common throughout North America.
Habitat: Wet ground and low elevations.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-October
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Rorippa sinuata – spreading yellowcress
Distribution: Occurring in Klickitat County in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to central North America.
Habitat: Wet areas including pond and lake margins, stream banks, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring in Klickitat County in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to central North America.
Habitat: Wet areas including pond and lake margins, stream banks, and ditches.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: perennial
Rorippa sylvestris – creeping yellowcress
Distribution: Known only from Whitman County in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed, moist areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Known only from Whitman County in Washington; British Columbia south to Oregon, east across North America to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Disturbed, moist areas at low to middle elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Sandbergia perplexa – puzzling halimolobos
Distribution: Known from Douglas County in Washington; Washington east toIdaho and Montana.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, typically on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Known from Douglas County in Washington; Washington east toIdaho and Montana.
Habitat: Sagebrush desert, typically on lithosol.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Sandbergia whitedii – fissurewort, whited's halimolobos fissurewort
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Washington.
Habitat: Dry scabland, forest openings, talus slopes and alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Washington.
Habitat: Dry scabland, forest openings, talus slopes and alpine meadows.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: perennial
Sinapis alba – white mustard
Distribution: Reported from Whitman County in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste ground near fields.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Reported from Whitman County in Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste ground near fields.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Sinapis arvensis – charlock, corn mustard, wild mustard
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste places and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region, reaching North America perhaps as early as 8000 years bp (Jacobson et al. 1988)
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring in scattered locations throughout Washington; widely distributed throughout North America.
Habitat: Waste places and other disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from the Mediterranean region, reaching North America perhaps as early as 8000 years bp (Jacobson et al. 1988)
Flowers: May-June
Growth Duration: annual
Sisymbrium altissimum – Jim Hill mustard, tumble mustard, tall rocket
Distribution: Distributed throughout Washington but more common east of the Cascades; occurring throughout North America.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and waste ground, especially following rangeland fires.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Distributed throughout Washington but more common east of the Cascades; occurring throughout North America.
Habitat: Shrub-steppe, grasslands, and waste ground, especially following rangeland fires.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: May-September
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Sisymbrium linifolium – lava cress, rush mustard, flax-leaved plainsmustard, Salmon River plainsmustard
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Arizona (not including California), east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush-steppe communities, rock crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: East of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia south to Arizona (not including California), east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Sagebrush-steppe communities, rock crevices.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: perennial
Sisymbrium loeselii – false london rocket, Loesel's tumblemustard
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Nevada, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and drier disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to Nevada, east to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Roadsides and drier disturbed areas.
Origin: Introduced from Eurasia
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Sisymbrium officinale – hedge mustard
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Waste ground and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-September
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; widely distributed throughout much of North America.
Habitat: Waste ground and other disturbed areas at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: March-September
Growth Duration: annual
Smelowskia americana – alpine smelowskia, Siberian smelowskia
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascades mountains in Washington; British Columbia and Alberta south to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky areas at high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: In the Olympic and Cascades mountains in Washington; British Columbia and Alberta south to Nevada, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Rocky areas at high elevations in the mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Smelowskia ovalis – short-fruited smelowskia
Distribution: In the Cascade Mountains in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Rocky crevices, moraines, ridges and talus slopes in alpine and sup-alpine regions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Distribution: In the Cascade Mountains in Washington; British Columbia south to California.
Habitat: Rocky crevices, moraines, ridges and talus slopes in alpine and sup-alpine regions.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Growth Duration: perennial
Streptanthella longirostris – long-beaked fiddle mustard, streptanthella
Distribution: Occurring in south-central Washington; Washington south to California, east to Wyoming and New Mexico.
Habitat: Open desert and sagebrush slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Distribution: Occurring in south-central Washington; Washington south to California, east to Wyoming and New Mexico.
Habitat: Open desert and sagebrush slopes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: annual, biennial
Subularia aquatica
Distribution: Known from a few locations in northwestern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and across the northern U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shallow water or mud flats of ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams, tidal flats, wet meadows, and marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Known from a few locations in northwestern Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and across the northern U.S. and Canada to the Atlantic Coast.
Habitat: Shallow water or mud flats of ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams, tidal flats, wet meadows, and marshes.
Origin: Native
Flowers: July-September
Growth Duration: annual
• ssp. americana – awlwort
Teesdalia nudicaulis – shepherd's cress
Distribution: Introduced west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California and in northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly soil at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Introduced west of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California and in northeastern U.S.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly soil at low elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-May
Growth Duration: annual
Thelypodium howellii – Howell's thelypody
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: May - July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
• ssp. howellii – Howell's thelypody
Thelypodium integrifolium – entire-leaved thelypody
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to central Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains to streambanks in the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; Washington to central Oregon and Nevada, east to Montana and Colorado.
Habitat: Sagebrush plains to streambanks in the lower mountains.
Origin: Native
Flowers: June-August
• ssp. integrifolium – entire-leaved thelypody
Thelypodium laciniatum – cut-leaf thelypody, thick-leaved thelypody
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and Nevada.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: biennial
Thelypodium milleflorum – many flowered thelypody
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Nevada, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: biennial
Distribution: Occurring east of the Cascades crest in Washington; southern British Columbia to Nevada, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Rock cliffs and dry, rocky areas in sagebrush desert.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-July
Growth Duration: biennial
Thelypodium sagittatum – slender thelypody
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
Origin: Native
Flowers: June - July
Growth Duration: biennial, perennial
• ssp. sagittatum – sagittate thelypody, slender thelypody
Thlaspi arvense – fanweed, field pennycress
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; widely introduced throughout North America.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Distributed widely throughout Washington; widely introduced throughout North America.
Habitat: Weed of waste ground, low to moderate elevations.
Origin: Introduced from Europe
Flowers: April-August
Growth Duration: annual
Thysanocarpus curvipes – sand fringepod, lacepod
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Uncommon on dry, open hillsides and borders of woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Distribution: Chiefly east of the Cascades in Washington; British Columbia south to California, east to Idaho.
Habitat: Uncommon on dry, open hillsides and borders of woodlands.
Origin: Native
Flowers: April-June
Growth Duration: annual
Turritis glabra – tower mustard
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; British Columbia to northern California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Seasonally moist, sometimes rocky, soil in open woods, clearings, and grassy balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout Washington; British Columbia to northern California, east to the Rocky Mountains.
Habitat: Seasonally moist, sometimes rocky, soil in open woods, clearings, and grassy balds.
Origin: Native
Flowers: May-July
Growth Duration: annual, biennial, perennial
